Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) contain chemical marks that are critical for antiviral defense in cells, according to a new study from researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine. The finding solves a 50-year mystery concerning the purpose of these chemical modifications, and suggests that faulty mRNA modification may underlie some autoimmune and inflammatory disorders.
๐๐๐๐๐ฅ ๐๐ฅ๐จ๐จ๐ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ ๐ฆ๐๐ฒ ๐ซ๐๐ฆ๐จ๐๐๐ฅ ๐๐ซ๐๐ข๐ง ๐๐ฅ๐๐๐ซ๐๐ง๐๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ญ๐ก๐ฐ๐๐ฒ๐ฌ ๐ฅ๐ข๐ง๐ค๐๐ ๐ญ๐จ ๐๐ซ๐๐ข๐ง ๐ก๐๐๐ฅ๐ญ๐ก, ๐๐๐ฆ๐๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐
๐พ๐ก๐ค๐จ๐ ๐ง๐๐ซ๐๐๐ฌ ๐ค๐ ๐๐๐ ๐จ๐๐๐ฃ๐จ ๐๐ค๐ช๐ฃ๐ ๐ข๐ค๐ง๐ ๐๐ฃ๐ฉ๐๐ฃ๐จ๐๐ซ๐ ๐๐๐๐ ๐๐ก๐ค๐ค๐ ๐ฅ๐ง๐๐จ๐จ๐ช๐ง๐ ๐ฉ๐ง๐๐๐ฉ๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ฉ (๐ฉ๐๐ง๐๐๐ฉ๐๐ ๐ฉ๐ค ๐๐๐๐๐๐ซ๐ ๐ ๐จ๐ฎ๐จ๐ฉ๐ค๐ก๐๐ ๐ฅ๐ง๐๐จ๐จ๐ช๐ง๐ ๐ก๐๐จ๐จ ๐ฉ๐๐๐ฃ 120 ๐ข๐ข ๐๐) ๐ฌ๐๐จ ๐ข๐ค๐ง๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐ฉ๐๐ซ๐ ๐ฉ๐๐๐ฃ ๐ ๐ก๐๐จ๐จ-๐๐ฃ๐ฉ๐๐ฃ๐จ๐ ๐ฉ๐ง๐๐๐ฉ๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ฉ ๐๐ค๐๐ก ๐ค๐ 140 ๐ข๐ข ๐๐ ๐จ๐ฎ๐จ๐ฉ๐ค๐ก๐๐ ๐๐ฃ ๐๐๐๐๐๐ซ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ ๐ฅ๐ค๐จ๐๐ฉ๐๐ซ๐ ๐จ๐ฉ๐ง๐ช๐๐ฉ๐ช๐ง๐๐ก ๐๐๐๐ฃ๐๐ ๐๐ฃ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐ง๐๐๐ฃโ๐จ ๐ฅ๐๐ง๐๐ซ๐๐จ๐๐ช๐ก๐๐ง ๐จ๐ฅ๐๐๐๐จ: ๐ฅ๐๐ฉ๐๐ฌ๐๐ฎ๐จ ๐ฉ๐๐๐ฉ ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐ข๐ฅ๐ค๐ง๐ฉ๐๐ฃ๐ฉ ๐ฉ๐ค ๐๐ก๐๐๐ง๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ฉ๐ค๐ญ๐๐ฃ๐จ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ค๐ฉ๐๐๐ง ๐๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ง๐ค๐๐ช๐๐ฉ๐จ.
๐๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐ง๐๐๐ฃ ๐๐๐ฃ๐ฃ๐ค๐ฉ ๐ฅ๐ง๐ค๐ฅ๐๐ง๐ก๐ฎ ๐๐ก๐๐๐ง ๐ข๐๐ฉ๐๐๐ค๐ก๐๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ง๐ค๐๐ช๐๐ฉ๐จ, ๐ฉ๐๐๐ฎ ๐๐๐๐ช๐ข๐ช๐ก๐๐ฉ๐ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ข๐๐ฎ ๐๐ค๐ฃ๐ฉ๐ง๐๐๐ช๐ฉ๐ ๐ฉ๐ค ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐๐ซ๐๐ก๐ค๐ฅ๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ฉ ๐ค๐ ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ฉ๐๐, ๐ง๐๐จ๐๐๐ง๐๐๐๐ง๐จ ๐จ๐๐๐.
PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] โ More than two decades ago, a team of Brown University researchers set out with an ambitious goal to provide people with paralysis a revolutionary neurotechnology capable of turning thoughts about movement into actual action, using a tiny device that would one day be implanted in the surface of the brain. Their work led to an ongoing, multi-institution effort to create the BrainGate brain-computer interface, designed to allow clinical trial participants with paralysis to control assistive devices like computers or robotic limbs just by thinking about the action they want to initiate.
Open Access Paper:
Working with hundreds of thousands of high-resolution images, researchers from the Allen Institute for Cell Science, a division of the Allen Institute, put numbers on the internal organization of human cells โ a biological concept that has proven incredibly difficult to quantify until now.
The scientists also documented the diverse cell shapes of genetically identical cells grown under similar conditions in their work. Their findings were recently published in the journal Nature.
โThe way cells are organized tells us something about their behavior and identity,โ said Susanne Rafelski, Ph.D., Deputy Director of the Allen Institute for Cell Science, who led the study along with Senior Scientist Matheus Viana, Ph.D. โWhatโs been missing from the field, as we all try to understand how cells change in health and disease, is a rigorous way to deal with this kind of organization. We havenโt yet tapped into that information.โ
When grown the cows can generate 18 tons of milk per year.
Three โsuper cowsโ that can produce an unusually high amount of milk have been cloned by Chinese scientists, according to an article by the Chinese state-run media Global Times.
The new animals will reduce the nationโs dependence on imported breeds, claimed the Wednesday report.
Colossal Biosciences, a genetic engineering company focused on de-extincting past species, has announced $150 million in Series B funding, which it plans to use for bringing back the iconic dodo.
The resurrection of several extinct species is predicted to occur within the next five years. One company aiming to make that a reality is Texas-based startup Colossal Biosciences, founded in 2021 by some of the worldโs leading experts in genomics. In May 2022, it appeared in the World Economic Forumโs list of Technology Pioneers and it won Genomics Innovation of the Year at the BioTech Breakthrough Awards.
๐๐๐ฌ๐๐๐ซ๐๐ก๐๐ซ๐ฌ ๐๐ญ ๐๐๐ ๐จ๐ฒ๐ ๐๐ง๐ข๐ฏ๐๐ซ๐ฌ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ ๐ข๐ง ๐๐๐ฉ๐๐ง ๐ก๐๐ฏ๐ ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐๐ ๐ ๐ง๐๐ฐ ๐๐๐ฏ๐ข๐๐ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ข๐๐๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐๐ฒ ๐ ๐ค๐๐ฒ ๐ฆ๐๐ฆ๐๐ซ๐๐ง๐ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐ญ๐๐ข๐ง ๐ข๐ง ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐๐ญ ๐ข๐ง๐๐ข๐๐๐ญ๐๐ฌ ๐ฐ๐ก๐๐ญ๐ก๐๐ซ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ญ๐ข๐๐ง๐ญ ๐ก๐๐ฌ ๐ ๐๐ซ๐๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ฎ๐ฆ๐จ๐ซ. ๐๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐ญ๐๐ข๐ง ๐๐จ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ ๐๐ ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐๐ ๐ญ๐จ ๐๐๐ญ๐๐๐ญ ๐๐ซ๐๐ข๐ง ๐๐๐ง๐๐๐ซ, ๐๐ฏ๐จ๐ข๐๐ข๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐ง๐๐๐ ๐๐จ๐ซ ๐ข๐ง๐ฏ๐๐ฌ๐ข๐ฏ๐ ๐ญ๐๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฌ, ๐๐ง๐ ๐ข๐ง๐๐ซ๐๐๐ฌ๐ข๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐ฅ๐ข๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ก๐จ๐จ๐ ๐จ๐ ๐ญ๐ฎ๐ฆ๐จ๐ซ๐ฌ ๐๐๐ข๐ง๐ ๐๐๐ญ๐๐๐ญ๐๐ ๐๐๐ซ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐๐ง๐จ๐ฎ๐ ๐ก ๐๐จ๐ซ ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ ๐๐ซ๐ฒ. ๐๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐ซ๐๐ฌ๐๐๐ซ๐๐ก ๐๐จ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ ๐๐ฅ๐ฌ๐จ ๐ก๐๐ฏ๐ ๐ฉ๐จ๐ญ๐๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐๐ฅ ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ข๐๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ ๐๐จ๐ซ ๐๐๐ญ๐๐๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐ ๐จ๐ญ๐ก๐๐ซ ๐ญ๐ฒ๐ฉ๐๐ฌ ๐จ๐ ๐๐๐ง๐๐๐ซ. ๐๐ก๐ ๐ซ๐๐ฌ๐๐๐ซ๐๐ก ๐ฐ๐๐ฌ ๐ฉ๐ฎ๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ฌ๐ก๐๐ ๐ข๐ง ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ง๐จ.
Although early detection of many types of cancer has contributed to the recent increases in cancer survival rates, the survival rate for brain tumors has remained almost unchanged for over 20 years. Partly this is due to their late detection. Physicians often discover brain tumors only after the onset of neurological symptoms, such as loss of movement or speech, by which time the tumor has reached a considerable size. Detecting the tumor when it is still small, and starting treatment as soon as possible, should help to save lives.
One possible sign that a person has a brain tumor is the presence of tumor-related extracellular vesicles (EVs) in their urine. EVs are nano-sized vesicles involved in a variety of functions, including cell-to-cell communication. Because those found in brain cancer patients have specific types of RNA and membrane proteins, they could be used to detect the presence of cancer and its progression.
This is more about the current landscape but a bit on the future near the beginning.
In this video Dr de Grey talks the future of LEVF and how the longevity field has evolved and some of the main participants.
Continue reading “The Longevity Field Now And In The Future | Dr Aubrey de Grey 2 Ep 4” »
Feature image credits: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
It was a life-changing day for 12 patients living in the United States when they found that their cancer had vanished, thanks to a small clinical trial. Of the total number of patients, these were the patients who completed the trial.
The New York Times reported that a drug named Dostarlimab was administered to these patients โ all suffering from rectal cancer โ over six months. All 12 patients entered remission after the period.
Year 2020 This type of parasite that feeds on salmon actually doesnโt need oxygen to live. Which means eventually there could be even gene editing that could essentially allow humans to not need as much air or could be independent of oxygen but only need anaerobic metabolisms perhaps. Really this can only expand our understanding of new ways to evolve humans to the next level.
Although aerobic respiration is a hallmark of eukaryotes, a few unicellular lineages, growing in hypoxic environments, have secondarily lost this ability. In the absence of oxygen, the mitochondria of these organisms have lost all or parts of their genomes and evolved into mitochondria-related organelles (MROs). There has been debate regarding the presence of MROs in animals. Using deep sequencing approaches, we discovered that a member of the Cnidaria, the myxozoan Henneguya salminicola, has no mitochondrial genome, and thus has lost the ability to perform aerobic cellular respiration. This indicates that these core eukaryotic features are not ubiquitous among animals. Our analyses suggest that H. salminicola lost not only its mitochondrial genome but also nearly all nuclear genes involved in transcription and replication of the mitochondrial genome. In contrast, we identified many genes that encode proteins involved in other mitochondrial pathways and determined that genes involved in aerobic respiration or mitochondrial DNA replication were either absent or present only as pseudogenes. As a control, we used the same sequencing and annotation methods to show that a closely related myxozoan, Myxobolus squamalis, has a mitochondrial genome. The molecular results are supported by fluorescence micrographs, which show the presence of mitochondrial DNA in M. squamalis, but not in H. salminicola. Our discovery confirms that adaptation to an anaerobic environment is not unique to single-celled eukaryotes, but has also evolved in a multicellular, parasitic animal. Hence, H. salminicola provides an opportunity for understanding the evolutionary transition from an aerobic to an exclusive anaerobic metabolism.
