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Category: particle physics

Novel approach suppresses magnetic noise for the fast optical control of a coherent hole spin in a microcavity

Quantum technologies, devices that work by leveraging quantum mechanical effects, could outperform classical technologies in some fields and settings. The so-called spin (i.e., intrinsic angular momentum) carried by quantum particles is central to the functioning of quantum systems, as it can store quantum information.

To reliably share across a network, however, spins need to be linked to photons (i.e., particles of light). For decades, engineers and quantum physicists have thus been trying to devise approaches to interface spins and photons.

One strategy to achieve this entails the use of quantum dots, nanoscale semiconductor structures that can trap electrons or holes in distinct energy levels. When placed in carefully engineered known as microcavities, these structures can generate individual photons. Nonetheless, ensuring that the coherence of spins is not disrupted by magnetic noise originating from nearby nuclear spins and thus facilitating the preservation of quantum information over time has so far proved challenging.

JUNO completes liquid filling and begins taking data to investigate ordering of neutrino masses

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) has successfully completed filling its 20,000-tons liquid scintillator detector and began taking data on Aug. 26.

After more than a decade of preparation and construction, JUNO is the first of a new generation of very large neutrino experiments to reach this stage. Initial trial operations and data taking show that met or exceeded design expectations, enabling JUNO to tackle one of this decade’s major open questions in particle physics: the ordering of neutrino masses—whether the third mass state (ν₃) is heavier than the second (ν₂).

Prof. Wang Yifang, a researcher at the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and JUNO spokesperson, said, “Completing the filling of the JUNO detector and starting data taking marks a historic milestone. For the first time, we have in operation a detector of this scale and precision dedicated to neutrinos. JUNO will allow us to answer fundamental questions about the nature of matter and the universe.”

A promising approach for the direct on-chip synthesis of boron nitride memristors

Two-dimensional (2D) materials, thin crystalline substances only a few atoms thick, have numerous advantageous properties compared to their three-dimensional (3D) bulk counterparts. Most notably, many of these materials allow electricity to flow through them more easily than bulk materials, have tunable bandgaps, are often also more flexible and better suited for fabricating small, compact devices.

Past studies have highlighted the promise of 2D materials for creating advanced systems, including devices that perform computations emulating the functioning of the brain (i.e., neuromorphic computing systems) and chips that can both process and store information (i.e., in-memory computing systems). One material that has been found to be particularly promising is (hBN), which is made up of boron and nitrogen atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice resembling that of graphene.

This material is an excellent insulator, has a wide bandgap that makes it transparent to visible light, a good mechanical strength, and retains its performance at high temperatures. Past studies have demonstrated the potential of hBN for fabricating memristors, that can both store and process information, acting both as memories and as resistors (i.e., components that control the flow of electrical current in ).

AI-enhanced technique assembles defect-free arrays with thousands of atoms

The simulation of quantum systems and the development of systems that can perform computations leveraging quantum mechanical effects rely on the ability to arrange atoms in specific patterns with high levels of precision. To arrange atoms in ordered patterns known as arrays, physicists typically use optical tweezers, highly focused laser beams that can trap particles.

Turning spin loss into energy: New principle could enable ultra-low power devices

A research team has developed a device principle that can utilize “spin loss,” which was previously thought of as a simple loss, as a new power source for magnetic control.

The work is published in the journal Nature Communications.

Spintronics is a technology that utilizes the “spin” property of electrons to store and control information, and it is being recognized as a key foundation for next-generation information processing technologies such as ultra-low-power memory, neuromorphic chips, and computational devices for stochastic computation, as it consumes less power and is more nonvolatile than conventional semiconductors.

Enhanced dual-comb spectroscopy reveals previously unknown atomic transitions in a rare earth element

Researchers at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU) and the Helmholtz Institute Mainz (HIM) have developed a novel method for investigating the internal structure of atoms and discovered previously unknown atomic transitions in samarium, a rare earth element. Their findings were published in the journal Physical Review Applied.

The ability to describe the internal structure of atoms is important not only for understanding the composition of matter, but also for designing new experiments to explore fundamental physics. Specific experiments require samples of atoms or molecules with particular properties, which depend heavily on the phenomenon to be explored. However, the knowledge of the energy-level structure of many atoms remains incomplete, particularly in the case of the rare earth and actinide atoms.

Spectroscopy is one of the most widely used techniques for studying the structure of atoms. This technique is based on the principle that electrons absorb or emit energy when they move between energy levels in an atom. Each element has a unique set of wavelengths of light that are emitted or absorbed due to these transitions. This is known as the atomic spectrum.

NVIDIA Unveils ‘Mega’ Omniverse Blueprint for Building Industrial Robot Fleet Digital Twins

According to Gartner, the worldwide end-user spending on all IT products for 2024 was $5 trillion. This industry is built on a computing fabric of electrons, is fully software-defined, accelerated — and now generative AI-enabled. While huge, it’s a fraction of the larger physical industrial market that relies on the movement of atoms. Today’s 10 Read Article

Quasicrystals can be formed by lightning

Scientists have found a very rare mineral, which they call a dodecagonal quasicrystal, which probably formed when lightning struck near a fallen power line in a sandy region of the United States. The discovery is surprising, because until now experts doubted that such structures could form on Earth in natural conditions.

Quasicrystals are made of atoms arranged in an ordered fashion, but without the periodic repetition of a simple geometric form that is found in normal crystals. They only form in extreme temperature and pressure conditions. Because of their structure, they have magnetic and electric properties that are not found in either crystals or amorphous solids and could prove useful for many applications.

A rock discovered in Nebraska proves that a strong electrical discharge can form these exotic materials that are rarely seen in nature.

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