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Why Time Flows Differently Between Galaxies

Thanks to Radiacode for sponsoring this video. Use the promo code “PBS” to get an exclusive 10% discount at: https://103.radiacode.com/PBS The universe is expanding and that expansion is accelerating under the power of dark energy and eventually all matter and energy will be dispersed over such unthinkable distances that nothing can stop space from blowing up infinitely. Unless of course cosmologists blundered and dark energy doesn’t even exist. Then it’s back to the drawing board. Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord! / pbsspacetime Check out the Space Time Merch Store https://www.pbsspacetime.com/shop PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements! https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/space… the Entire Space Time Library Here: https://search.pbsspacetime.com/ Hosted by Matt O’Dowd Written by Matt O’Dowd Post Production by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini & Stephanie Faria Directed by Andrew Kornhaber Associate Producer: Bahar Gholipour Executive Producer: Andrew Kornhaber Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing Assistant Director of Programming for PBS: John Campbell Spacetime is a production of Kornhaber Brown for PBS Digital Studios. This program is produced by Kornhaber Brown, which is solely responsible for its content. © 2024 PBS. All rights reserved. End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: / multidroideka Space Time Was Made Possible In Part By: Big Bang Wojciech Szymski Bryce Fort Peter Barrett Alexander Tamas Morgan Hough Juan Benet Vinnie Falco Mark Rosenthal Supernova Grace Biaelcki Glenn Sugden Ethan Cohen Stephen Wilcox Mark Heising Hypernova Spencer Jones Dean Galvin Michael Tidwell Robert DeChellis Stephen Spidle Massimiliano Pala Justin Lloyd Matthew Pabst David Giltinan Kenneth See Gregory Forfa Alex Kern Zubin Dowlaty Scott Gorlick Paul Stehr-Green Ben Delo Scott Gray Антон Кочков Robert Ilardi John R. Slavik Donal Botkin Chuck Zegar Daniel Muzquiz Gamma Ray Burst Bryan White Aaron Pinto Kacper Cieśla Satwik Pani Param Saxena John De Witt Nathaniel Bennett Sandhya Devi Michael Oulvey Arko Provo Mukherjee Mike Purvis Christopher Wade Anthony Crossland Grace Seraph Stephen Saslow Tomaz Lovsin Anthony Leon Lori Ferris Koen Wilde Nicolas Katsantonis Richard Steenbergen Joe Pavlovic Kyle Luzny Chuck Lukaszewski Jerry Thomas Nikhil Sharma John Anderson Bradley Ulis Craig Falls Kane Holbrook Ross Story Harsh Khandhadia Michael Lev Rad Antonov Terje Vold James Trimmier Jeremy Soller Paul Wood Kent Durham jim bartosh John H. Austin, Jr. Faraz Khan Almog Cohen Daniel Jennings Jeremy Reed David Johnston Michael Barton Isaac Suttell Bleys Goodson Mark Delagasse Mark Daniel Cohen Shane Calimlim Tybie Fitzhugh Eric Kiebler Craig Stonaha Frederic Simon Jim Hudson Michael Purcell John Funai Adrien Molyneux Bradley Jenkins Vlad Shipulin Justin Waters Thomas Dougherty Zac Sweers Dan Warren Joseph Salomone Julien Dubois.

New Discoveries on Wormholes Are Changing Everything

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How do wormholes work? Are they actually possible? How could we make one? Join us today for a deep dive into the wormhole…

Written & presented by David Kipping, edited by Jorge Casas.

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THANK-YOU to M. Howard, M. Metts, M. Provost, S. Shardool, M. Bueche, M. Williams, M. Morrow, R. Borbidge, M. Everest, M. Vystoropskyi, M. Bryant, M. Nimmerjahn, M. Schreiner, M. Canning, M. Stewart, M. Cartmell, M. Brooks, M. Smith, E. Garland, M. Borisoff, M. Danielson, M. Adler, M. Sanford, M. Smith, M. Larter, M. Devermont, M. Chaffee, M. Rockett, M. Aron, M. Daniluk, M. Corwin, M. Bylinsky, C. Fitzgerald, M. Kingston, M. Ortiz, M. Venzor, B. Gaalen, M. Muriuki, M. Schoen, M. Popovski, M. Frederick, M. Kruger, M. Bottaccini, M. Johnston, M. Huch, M. Singh, M. Sattler, M. McMillan, M. Brownlee, M. Armstrong, M. Williams, M. Souter, M. OBrien, M. Shamp, M. Kochkov, M. Schiff, M. Fitzsimmons, G. Belsak, M. Johnston, M. Gillette, M. Murphy, M. Gonzalez, M. Hedlund, M. Seay, M. Zajonc, M. Morrison, N. Offor, M. Alley, M. Hoffman, M. Ross-Lee, M. Haan, M. Elliott, M. Lovely, M. Donkin, M. Cunningham, M. Bassnett, M. Hansen, M. Vaal, M. Langley, M. Reese, W. Ruf, M. Ford, M. Herman, M. Fullwood, M. Edris, M. Czirr, M. Patterson, L. Deacon, M. Saint, M. Lee, M. Murray, M. Kennedy, M. Stevenson, M. Thomsen, M. Daughaday, M. Farabee & M. Matters.

MUSIC

Micro Planets: Building Artificial Worlds with Black Hole Cores

What if we built entire planets around tiny black holes? Explore engineered micro worlds, artificial gravity, and the future of compact megastructures.

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Watch my exclusive video Lazarus Protocols: https://nebula.tv/videos/isaacarthur–… out Practical Engineering: https://nebula.tv/practical-engineeri… 🛒 SFIA Merchandise: https://isaac-arthur-shop.fourthwall… 🌐 Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net ❤️ Support us on Patreon: / isaacarthur ⭐ Support us on Subscribestar: https://www.subscribestar.com/isaac-a… 👥 Facebook Group: / 1,583,992,725,237,264 📣 Reddit Community: / isaacarthur 🐦 Follow on Twitter / X: / isaac_a_arthur 💬 SFIA Discord Server: / discord Credits: Micro Planets — Building Artificial Worlds with Black Hole Cores Written, Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur Graphics from Jeremy Jozwik & Ken York Music Courtesy of Chris Zabriskie & Stellardrone Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images Chapters 0:00 Intro 1:14 Small Worlds, Big Numbers 7:54 What to make it from? 11:53 What is a Micro Planet, and what is it like? 17:50 So could you go even smaller? 21:20 Nebula.
Check out Practical Engineering: https://nebula.tv/practical-engineeri

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Credits:
Micro Planets — Building Artificial Worlds with Black Hole Cores.
Written, Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur.
Graphics from Jeremy Jozwik & Ken York.
Music Courtesy of Chris Zabriskie & Stellardrone.
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images.

Chapters.
0:00 Intro.
1:14 Small Worlds, Big Numbers.
7:54 What to make it from?
11:53 What is a Micro Planet, and what is it like?
17:50 So could you go even smaller?
21:20 Nebula

CARTA: Human Brain Specializations Related to Language and Theory of Mind with James Rilling

Humans excel at transmitting ideas, skills, and knowledge across generations, and at building on those competencies in a cumulative manner. James Rilling, Professor of Psychology at Emory University, explores how the transmission of our cumulative culture is assumed to depend on both language and mental perspective-taking, or theory of mind. If humans have specialized abilities in these domains, we must have neurobiological specializations to support them. Our research has used comparative primate neuroimaging to attempt to identify such specializations. The arcuate fasciculus is a white matter fiber tract that links Wernicke’s and Broca’s language areas. It is known to be involved in multiple, high level linguistic functions such as lexical semantics, complex syntax, and speech fluency. Using diffusion weighted imaging and tractography, we have demonstrated human specializations in the size and trajectory of the arcuate fasciculus that may partially explain human linguistic abilities. Theory of Mind depends on a set of cortical regions that belong to a neural network known as the default mode network that is functionally connected, highly active at rest, and deactivated by attention-demanding cognitive tasks. We and others have used functional neuroimaging to show that chimpanzees and other primates appear to have a default mode network that is similar to that of humans. However, the non-human primate default mode network seems to have weaker connectivity between certain key nodes, suggesting that these connections could play a role in human theory of mind specializations. Recorded on 02/27/2026. [3/2026] [Show ID: 41329]

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Learn more about anthropogeny on CARTA’s website:
https://carta.anthropogeny.org/

More videos from: CARTA — The Idea Organ.
(https://www.uctv.tv/carta-idea-organ)

Explore More Science & Technology on UCTV
(https://www.uctv.tv/science)
Science and technology continue to change our lives. University of California scientists are tackling the important questions like climate change, evolution, oceanography, neuroscience and the potential of stem cells.

UCTV is the broadcast and online media platform of the University of California, featuring programming from its ten campuses, three national labs and affiliated research institutions. UCTV explores a broad spectrum of subjects for a general audience, including science, health and medicine, public affairs, humanities, arts and music, business, education, and agriculture. Launched in January 2000, UCTV embraces the core missions of the University of California — teaching, research, and public service – by providing quality, in-depth television far beyond the campus borders to inquisitive viewers around the world.

The Arrow of Time and How to Reverse It

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Ever wish you could travel backward in time and do things differently? Good news: the laws of physics seem to say traveling backward in time is the same as traveling forwards. So why do we seem to be stuck in this inexorable flow towards the future? It’s time to begin our journey towards really understanding time.

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https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/space… by Matt O’Dowd Written by Matt O’Dowd Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, & Pedro Osinski Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber Assistant Producer: Setare Gholipour Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: / @julesschattenberg Special Thanks to Our Patreon Producers Big Bang Supporters Sean Maddox Marty Yudkovitz Brodie Rao Scott Gray Ahmad Jodeh Radu Negulescu Alexander Tamas Morgan Hough Juan Benet Fabrice Eap Mark Rosenthal David Nicklas Quasar Supporters Justin Lloyd Christina Oegren Mark Heising Vinnie Falco Hypernova Supporters William Bryan L. Wayne Ausbrooks Nicholas Newlin Mark Matthew Bosko Justin Jermyn Jason Finn Антон Кочков Alec S-L Julian Tyacke John R. Slavik Mathew Danton Spivey Donal Botkin John Pollock Edmund Fokschaner Joseph Salomone Matthew O’Connor chuck zegar Jordan Young m0nk Hank S John Hofmann Timothy McCulloch Gamma Ray Burst Daniel Jennings Cameron Sampson Pratik Mukherjee Geoffrey Clarion Astronauticist Nate Darren Duncan Lily kawaii Russ Creech Jeremy Reed Max Bernard Bill Blair Eric Webster Steven Sartore DrJYou David Johnston J. King Michael Barton Christopher Barron James Ramsey Mr T Andrew Mann Jeremiah Johnson fieldsa eleanory Peter Mertz Kevin O’Connell Richard Deighton Isaac Suttell Devon Rosenthal Oliver Flanagan Dawn M Fink Bleys Goodson Darryl J Lyle Robert Walter Bruce B Ismael Montecel Andrew Richmond Simon Oliphant Mirik Gogri David Hughes Mark Daniel Cohen Brandon Lattin Yannick Weyns Nickolas Andrew Freeman Brian Blanchard Shane Calimlim Tybie Fitzhugh Robert Ilardi Astaurus Eric Kiebler Craig Stonaha Martin Skans Michael Conroy Graydon Goss Frederic Simon Greg Smith Sean Warniaha Tonyface John Robinson A G Kevin Lee Adrian Hatch Yurii Konovaliuk John Funai Cass Costello Geoffrey Short Bradley Jenkins Kyle Hofer Tim Stephani Luaan AlecZero Malte Ubl Nick Virtue Scott Gossett Martin J Lollar Dan Warren Patrick Sutton John Griffith Daniel Lyons DFaulk Kevin Warne Andreas Nautsch Brandon labonte Lucas Morgan.

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd.

Heisenberg Made a Discovery in 1925. We Still Can’t Explain It

For 72 hours, enjoy 15% OFF on all Hoverpens with code PBS, or click on the link https://noviumdesign.shop/PBS — Free shipping to most countries. Also on Amazon: https://noviumdesign.shop/crQH4A

2025 is … was the international year of quantum science and technology. Yes because quantum tech is increasingly important, but especially because quantum mechanics was invented 100 years ago this year. In 1925, our strangest true theory went from being a peculiar set of ideas to describe some funny results from experiments, to a full-blown theoretical framework that overturned how we think reality really works. So today, as the centenary year approaches its end I want to take you on a little journey through what may be the most paradigm-destroying several months in scientific history.

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What Is Beyond The End?

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Written by Colin Stuart.
Check out his fantastic astronomy newsletter here: https://colinstuart.substack.com.

Edited and animated by Siji Sheehan.
Narrated by David Kelly.
Thumbnail Art by Ettore Mazza.
Audio editing by Jack White and Peter Halstead.
Mastering by Craig Stevenson.
Extra animations by @ArtandContext (Manuel Rubio)
Extra animations by Jero Squartini https://www.fiverr.com/share/0v7Kjv using Manim — MIT License, © 2020–2023 3Blue1Brown LLC

A huge thanks to our Ho’oleilana Patreon supporters — James Keller, Unpunnyfuns, Ramsay Chambers, Matthew Williams and Mike Cumings, Jr.

Footage from Videoblocks, Artlist. Other footage from NASA and ESO.
Music from Epidemic Sound, Artlist, Silver Maple and Yehezkel Raz.
Images of scientists frequently from the AIP
Icons from The Noun Project.
Quantum Fluctuations by Derek Leinweber.

00:00 Introduction.
04:18 Will The Universe Go On Forever?
17:42 What Lingers In The Long Night?
33:20 What Would It Mean?
46:20 Everything Everywhere

Read more

Colonizing Brown Dwarfs — Life Around Failed Stars

Colonizing brown dwarfs: habitats, megastructures, and hidden homes around failed stars. Could these dim embers power civilizations for trillions of years?

Get Nebula using my link for 50% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur.
Watch my exclusive video Lazarus Protocols: https://nebula.tv/videos/isaacarthur–… out 17 Pages: https://nebula.tv/17pages?ref=isaacar… and A Bit Obscure https://nebula.tv/abitfrank/a-bit-obs… 🛒 SFIA Merchandise: https://isaac-arthur-shop.fourthwall… 🌐 Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net ❤️ Support us on Patreon: / isaacarthur ⭐ Support us on Subscribestar: https://www.subscribestar.com/isaac-a… 👥 Facebook Group: / 1,583,992,725,237,264 📣 Reddit Community: / isaacarthur 🐦 Follow on Twitter / X: / isaac_a_arthur 💬 SFIA Discord Server: / discord Credits: Colonizing Brown Dwarfs – Life Around Failed Stars Written, Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur Graphics from Fishy Tree, Jeremy Jozwik, Udo Schroeter Music Courtesy of Chris Zabriskie & Stellardrone Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images Chapters 0:00 Intro 1:56 WHAT A BROWN DWARF IS 7:15 L Dwarfs 11:57 T-Dwarfs 17:04 Nebula 18:15 Habitable Zones 22:12 Megastructures.
Check out 17 Pages: https://nebula.tv/17pages?ref=isaacar
and A Bit Obscure https://nebula.tv/abitfrank/a-bit-obs

🛒 SFIA Merchandise: https://isaac-arthur-shop.fourthwall
🌐 Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net.
❤️ Support us on Patreon: / isaacarthur.
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👥 Facebook Group: / 1583992725237264
📣 Reddit Community: / isaacarthur.
🐦 Follow on Twitter / X: / isaac_a_arthur.
💬 SFIA Discord Server: / discord.
Credits:
Colonizing Brown Dwarfs – Life Around Failed Stars.
Written, Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur.
Graphics from Fishy Tree, Jeremy Jozwik, Udo Schroeter.
Music Courtesy of Chris Zabriskie & Stellardrone.
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images.

Chapters.
0:00 Intro.
1:56 WHAT A BROWN DWARF IS
7:15 L Dwarfs.
11:57 T-Dwarfs.
17:04 Nebula.
18:15 Habitable Zones.
22:12 Megastructures

Read more

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