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Antarctica in 2025: Drivers of deep uncertainty in projected ice loss

Antarctic ice plays a crucial role in regulating Earth’s climate, global sea levels, ocean circulation, and planetary reflectivity.

Learn more in this Science Review.


Antarctica is a vital component of Earth’s climate system, influencing global sea level, ocean circulation, and planetary albedo. Major knowledge gaps in critical processes—spanning the atmosphere, ocean, ice sheets, underlying beds, ice shelves, and sea ice—create uncertainties in future projections, hindering climate adaptation and risk assessments of ice intervention strategies. Antarctica’s ice sheet could contribute 28 centimeters to sea level by 2100, and potentially more if we surpass warming thresholds that trigger instabilities and rapid retreat. We review recent advances in understanding the changing stability of the ice sheet margins and identify key processes that require further research. Progress requires high-resolution satellite data, targeted field campaigns, improved modeling, and refined theory.

Seismic Mystery Solved: Scientists Find a New State of Matter at Earth’s Center

Chinese researchers have discovered that interstitial carbon in iron-carbon alloys behaves in a superionic, liquid-like state under Earth’s core pressure and temperature conditions. Beneath Earth’s molten outer core lies a solid central region, the inner core, a compact sphere made of an iron lig

“Dawn Of A New Era”: A US Nuclear Company Becomes First Ever Startup To Achieve Cold Criticality

“President Trump asked industry and the labs to make nuclear great again. We got together and decided to start with the basics of fission. This team delivered incredible results safely so we can keep moving up the technical ladder,” commented Max Ukropina, Head of Projects at Valar Atomics.

“America should be thrilled, but wanting more,” he added.

Ireland recalls almost 13,000 passports over missing ‘IRL’ code

Ireland’s Department of Foreign Affairs has recalled nearly 13,000 passports after a software update caused a printing defect.

The printing error makes the documents non-compliant with international travel standards and potentially unreadable at automated border gates.

Kosmic Creativity, Register Integrity, and Modal Fidelity

Frank Visser has been asking important questions of Integral theory for over two decades now, and the community owes him more genuine engagement than he typically receives. His persistent concern—that terms like Eros or Kosmic Creativity often function as explanatory placeholders rather than rigorous concepts, and that Integral discourse too easily slides from empirical claims to metaphysical ones without marking the transition—names something real. Anyone who has spent time in Integral circles has likely felt the discomfort he’s pointing to: the moment when a conversation shifts from careful phenomenology or developmental research into sweeping cosmological assertions, and one isn’t quite sure what kind of claim is being made or how one would evaluate it.

Visser’s insistence on scientific accountability emerges, I think, from genuine intellectual conscience. If Integral theory aspires to honor and integrate the fruits of modern science—not merely to dismiss or transcend them—then it must be willing to play by science’s rules when making scientific claims. The frustration Visser expresses is the frustration of watching a discourse that claims such integration while sometimes helping itself to explanatory gestures that no working scientist would recognize as legitimate. That frustration deserves respect, not dismissal.

And yet.

Superconducting detector captures hot spots with submicron resolution

A research team from Osaka Metropolitan University proposed using a current-biased kinetic inductance detector with submicron 400 megapixels to image hot spots induced by a localized external stimulus over a 15 × 15 mm2 area. The team utilized a delay-line technique to trace the propagation of internal signals for a pair of signals arising from each hot spot.

Further, they used the timestamps of signal arrivals at the electrodes to determine the position of each hot spot (x, y). Because the signal velocity inside the detector is ultrafast at about 20% the speed of light, a readout circuit with a temporal resolution faster than 250 ps is necessary to resolve the position of a hot spot with a precision of 1.5 μm, which is the size of a meander pitch.

The research is published in the journal AIP Advances.

How your brain keeps time: Consistent probability calculations help you react rapidly

Humans respond to environments that change at many different speeds. A video game player, for example, reacts to on-screen events unfolding within hundreds of milliseconds or over several seconds. A boxer anticipates an opponent’s moves—even when their timing differs from that of previous opponents. In each case, the brain predicts when events occur, prepares for what comes next and flexibly adapts to the demands of the situation.

A study by neuroscientists from the Ernst Strüngmann Institute of the Max Planck Society, Goethe University Frankfurt, the Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, and New York University, explains how the human brain predicts the timing of future events.

The research, published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, shows that the brain continuously estimates how likely something is to happen within the next three seconds—and uses this estimate to prepare fast and accurate reactions.

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