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Category: computing

DNA origami precisely positions single-photon emitters for quantum technologies

An international research team led by scientists from Skoltech has developed a method to position molecules on the surface of ultrathin materials with unprecedented precision using molecular DNA self-assembly, enabling the creation of quantum light sources. The results, published in the journal Light: Science & Applications, pave the way for the production of compact and efficient components for future quantum computers and secure communication networks.

Two-dimensional materials such as molybdenum disulfide are promising candidates for quantum light sources due to their ability to emit photons under laser excitation. However, until now, scientists have been unable to precisely control the location of emission centers—they emerged randomly upon ion beam irradiation or mechanical deformation of the material.

The authors of the study proposed a different approach. The research is based on the DNA origami method, which allows the construction of nanoscale objects of a specified shape from DNA molecules. Triangular structures measuring 127 nanometers were assembled, each carrying 18 thiol molecules. These structures were placed onto a silicon chip with a lithographic pattern. The positioning yield of each DNA origami structure at its designated location exceeded 90%, significantly surpassing the statistical limit of traditional single molecule deposition methods.

Topological solitons power a chip-scale frequency comb source

Caltech scientists have developed a new way to produce optical frequency combs—important tools in devices that keep time and measure distances very precisely—at the chip scale, an advance that should make it easier to incorporate such combs in optical devices and more practical to use them outside the laboratory.

To generate the combs, the new research demonstrates the utility of a robust class of light pulses, called topological solitons, that had been previously predicted but largely unexplored until now. The scientists, led by Caltech’s Alireza Marandi, professor of electrical engineering and applied physics, describe their findings in a paper published in Nature.

Frequency combs are light sources that emit a precise ruler-like “comb” of many evenly spaced frequencies. Over the last three decades, they have become important tools in spectroscopy, in telecommunications, and even in astronomical research. Currently, most frequency comb sources rely on bulky tabletop laser sources. The new work shows that an electrically pumped laser diode integrated with a photonic chip with strong nonlinearity can serve as a frequency comb source.

Making quantum vibrations nonlinear to enable phonon-phonon interactions

Phonons are the quantum units of mechanical vibration. They describe how motion propagates through a solid at the smallest possible scales, in much the same way that electrons describe electric currents. Because phonons can be exceptionally stable and sensitive, they are used in quantum science and technology.

Researchers can already detect and control individual phonons. The problem lies in making phonons interact with each other in a predictable and tunable way, which would be a key requirement for building complex quantum systems like quantum computers.

Interactions are essential in quantum technologies. Whether the goal is sensing tiny forces or processing information, one quantum excitation must be able to influence another. In practice, this requires nonlinearity, which means that adding one excitation changes how the system responds to the next, rather than each excitation behaving independently.

Now you see it, now you don’t: Material can transition between quantum states

A team of scientists led by the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory has identified a rare, switchable quantum property in a new type of nickel sulfide material. The discovery could have applications in high-speed transistors, adaptive sensors and other devices that require a material’s electronic structure to be controlled on the fly. The research is published in the journal Matter.

The compound, KxNi4S2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1), contains nickel and sulfur sandwiched between layers of potassium. The “(0 ≤ x ≤ 1)” in the name means that the amount of potassium in the material can vary from no potassium at all to a full potassium atom, depending on the sample.

First detailed in a 2021 paper, it was created as part of an ongoing quest to develop more superconductors. As researchers examined the layered material’s characteristics, they happened upon a remarkable feature: applying an electrical current could drive the potassium layers out, collapsing the sandwich and changing the material’s structure.

Dancing to invisible choreography, quantum computers can balance the noise

Large-scale quantum computers are waiting in the wings. One of the main reasons we don’t have them yet is because quantum hardware is so noisy. This isn’t the type of noise you’d want to shush in a crowded theater. When it comes to computers, noise means errors that crop up when conditions aren’t perfect.

“We need to find a way to detect errors and correct for them,” said graduate student Evangelos Piliouras. Working with physicist Ed Barnes, Piliouras devised a method to reduce the noise and make quantum computers more noise tolerant. His work was published in npj Quantum Information.

Noise can have real-world implications even in a traditional computer, which uses a stream of electrical signals called bits that represent the 1s and 0s that make up binary code. Noise can knock a 0 into a 1, and a credit card transaction, for instance, might fail.

Microsoft-backed start-up raises $40 million for helium atom beam lithography that could print chips at atomic resolution — 0.1nm beam is 135 times narrower than ASML’s EUV light

Lace Lithography, a Norwegian start-up backed by Microsoft, raised $40 million in Series A funding on Monday to develop a chipmaking tool that uses a helium atom beam instead of light to pattern silicon wafers, Reuters reported. The company claims its technology can create chip features 10 times smaller than current lithography systems, with a beam width of just 0.1 nanometers compared to the 13.5nm wavelength used by ASML’s EUV scanners. Lace aims to have a test tool running in a pilot fab by 2029.

The advantage of Lace’s system is that atoms don’t have a diffraction limit, whereas photon-based lithography, including ASML’s EUV systems, is constrained by the wavelength of the light it uses. As chipmakers push features smaller, they rely on increasingly complex multi-patterning techniques to work around that limit, but Lace sidesteps the problem entirely by replacing photons with neutral helium atoms and a beam measuring roughly the width of a single hydrogen atom.

Teleportation is no longer just science fiction—at the quantum level

(Science fiction’s “warp drive” is speeding closer to reality.)

Inspired by science fiction, they landed on “quantum teleportation.” Since then, the idea has gone from theoretical concept to an experimentally verified reality. The first experiments in the late 1990s showed that quantum states could be transmitted across short distances, while subsequent research proved it works across increasingly longer distances—even to and from low Earth orbit, as Chinese scientists demonstrated in 2017. They’ve achieved quantum teleportation by taking advantage of quantum entanglement, a natural phenomenon in which tiny particles can become linked with each other across infinite distances.

Quantum teleportation is very different from the teleportation of matter we see in fiction. It involves transferring a quantum state without moving any matter. And while experts say it won’t lead to Star Trek-esque beaming, it could help bring about a new era of computing that revolutionizes our understanding of the subatomic world—and by extension, of the nature of the universe and everything within it.

New computational biology for genome sequencing analysis

To improve the ability of metapipeline-DNA to determine where changes in the genome have occurred, the scientists worked with the Genome in a Bottle Consortium led by the U.S. Department of Commerce’s National Institute of Standards and Technology. By incorporating this public-private-academic consortium’s meticulously validated resources, the researchers reduced the rate of false positives without reducing the tool’s precision in finding true genetic variants.

The researchers also produced two case studies demonstrating the pipeline’s capabilities for cancer research. The investigators used metapipeline-DNA to analyze sequencing data from five patients that donated both normal tissue and tumor samples, as well as another five from The Cancer Genome Atlas.

The next step is to get metapipeline-DNA into more labs to accelerate discoveries, and to continue improving the resource with more user feedback. ScienceMission sciencenewshighlights.

In a single experiment, scientists can decipher the entire genomes of many patient samples, animal models or cultured cells. To fully realize the potential to study biology at this unprecedented scale, researchers must be equipped to analyze the titanic troves of data generated by these new methods.

Scientists published findings in Cell Reports Methods discussing building and testing a new computational tool for tackling massive and complex sequencing datasets. The new resource, named metapipeline-DNA, may also make sequencing data analysis more standardized across different research labs.

The sequence of a single human genome represents about 100 gigabytes of raw data, the rough equivalent of 20,000 smartphone photos. The sheer scale of experimental data increases significantly as tens or hundreds of genomes are added into the mix.

Continue reading “New computational biology for genome sequencing analysis” | >

Ultrastructural preservation of a whole large mammal brain with a protocol compatible with human physician-assisted death

Ultrastructural Preservation of a Whole Large Mammal Brain (bioRxiv, 2026) ⚠️ Preprint – not yet peer-reviewed.

A 2026 preprint builds on over a decade of brain preservation research, demonstrating that whole mammalian brains (pigs) can be preserved with remarkable structural fidelity under near–real-world, end-of-life conditions.

The study refines aldehyde-stabilized cryopreservation (ASC)—a technique previously recognized by the Brain Preservation Foundation. This method combines chemical fixation (aldehydes), cryoprotectants, and controlled cooling to prevent ice damage and preserve neural structure at the nanoscale. — What the study shows.

Whole pig brains preserved with intact cellular and synaptic architecture.

Preservation remains viable even with delayed postmortem intervals (~10 minutes)

Tissue remains perfusable and structurally stable after fixation.

Protocol moves toward clinically realistic implementation, not just lab conditions.

Continue reading “Ultrastructural preservation of a whole large mammal brain with a protocol compatible with human physician-assisted death” | >
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