Toggle light / dark theme

Fungus-powered farming delivers higher yields and better-tasting crops, says study

Can we have higher yields and better taste? Using a natural extract from the fungus Pseudozyma aphidis, this method improves the firmness and natural sugar content of crops like tomatoes and melons while significantly boosting production. This discovery offers a practical path to meeting global food demands without compromising the health of the planet or produce quality. Furthermore, because the approach uses stable microbial secretions instead of live cultures, it ensures consistent and reliable performance across various agricultural environments and climates.

Researchers at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem have identified a natural, eco-friendly way to significantly increase agricultural yields while also improving the quality and taste of produce. The study, led by Professor Maggie Levy alongside researchers Anton Fennec and Neta Rotem, focuses on an extract derived from the yeast-like fungus Pseudozyma aphidis.

As the global population continues to grow, the demand for higher agricultural output has historically led to the heavy use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. These chemicals often contribute to soil and water pollution and increase greenhouse gas emissions. The new research, published in the journal Plant Physiology, suggests that beneficial micro-organisms can offer a sustainable alternative to these traditional agricultural inputs.

Physics-based weather models more accurate than AI at predicting extreme weather

Weather forecasting is another aspect of modern life that artificial intelligence is transforming. Models like GraphCast, Pangu-Weather, and Fuxi are already better than traditional physics-based climate models at predicting some daily weather conditions. However, they are far from perfect. A new study published in the journal Science Advances reports that AI often fails to predict record-breaking extreme weather events.

Thanks to our changing climate, extremes such as record heat waves and windstorms are becoming more frequent. Accurate warnings are vital to help protect lives, property, and infrastructure. However, the unprecedented nature of these events poses a problem for AI.

To understand why, scientists pitted leading AI models against HRES (High Resolution Forecast), considered one of the world’s leading physics-based weather prediction systems. They first built a large database of record-breaking heat, cold, and wind events from 2018 and 2020. The researchers then checked the forecasts that HRES and the AI models had already made for those years to see which system got closest to the real-world outcomes.

Venus Clouds Driven by Solar System’s Largest Waves

“Up until now, we used a global circulation model (GCM) for Venus that is similar to Earth’s, but this model doesn’t include the hydraulic jump which we have now identified,” said Dr. Takeshi Imamura. [ https://www.labroots.com/trending/space/30535/venus-clouds-d…gest-waves](https://www.labroots.com/trending/space/30535/venus-clouds-d…gest-waves)


What explains the unique behavior of Venus’ clouds? This is what a recent study published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets hopes to address as an international team of scientists led by Japan and included the United States and Spain investigated a longstanding conundrum regarding Venus’ meteorology, specifically cloud weather patterns. This study has the potential to help scientists better understand planetary cloud patterns and what this can teach us about planetary formation and evolution.

For the study, the researchers used a series of computer models to simulate Venus’ cloud weather patterns, specifically focusing on a 6,000-kilometer-wide (3,728-mile-wide) cloud front whose behavior has puzzled scientists for years. The primary puzzlement is the origin of the massive cloud wave, which current global climate models can’t explain. Along with the puzzlement, the motivation behind the study also comes from a knowledge gap in the formation of the lower cloud regions within Venus’ atmosphere.

In the end, the researchers found that a phenomenon known as a “hydraulic jump” was responsible for producing the massive cloud wave front. This jump is caused by changes in airflow in the lower cloud regions combined with a strong updraft, resulting in sulfuric acid vapor (which comprises Venus’ clouds) to condense, forming the massive cloud wave front. This study helps explain the connection between the Venusian atmosphere motion and clouds.

The Hammer of AI: When Every Problem Looks Like a Nail

There is no dataset for grief.

No metric for justice.

No optimizer for legitimacy.

And yet we keep bringing the Hammer of AI to every problem we face. Climate change. Pandemics. Cancer. Energy. War. Political corruption. There is no problem that the omnipresent, all-knowing, all-mighty artificial superintelligence will not eventually crack.

This is a religion. Technology is its faith. Silicon Valley is its Promised Land. Entrepreneurs are its prophets. And we are all believers.

I should know. I used to be one.

In my latest piece on Singularity Weblog, I argue that some problems do bend to computation: fusion, protein folding, the genome. But others do not. They are not computable, only livable. And when we hammer them anyway, things break. Sometimes the thing that breaks is the problem. Sometimes it is us.

Genetic Bottlenecks — How Few People Can Start a World? Or Restart One?

When disaster leaves only a handful, can a civilization restart? We explore genetic bottlenecks, colony failure, and the limits of survival.

Get Nebula using my link for 50% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur.
Watch my exclusive video Surviving a New Ice Age: https://nebula.tv/videos/isaacarthur–… out Practical Engineering: https://nebula.tv/practicalconstructi… 🛒 SFIA Merchandise: https://isaac-arthur-shop.fourthwall… 🌐 Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net ❤️ Support us on Patreon: / isaacarthur ⭐ Support us on Subscribestar: https://www.subscribestar.com/isaac-a… 👥 Facebook Group: / 1,583,992,725,237,264 📣 Reddit Community: / isaacarthur 🐦 Follow on Twitter / X: / isaac_a_arthur 💬 SFIA Discord Server: / discord Credits: Genetic Bottlenecks – How Few People Can Start a World? Or Restart One? Written, Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images Chapters 0:00 Intro 10:56 Restoration 19:26 Practical Engineering.
Check out Practical Engineering: https://nebula.tv/practicalconstructi

🛒 SFIA Merchandise: https://isaac-arthur-shop.fourthwall
🌐 Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net.
❤️ Support us on Patreon: / isaacarthur.
⭐ Support us on Subscribestar: https://www.subscribestar.com/isaac-a
👥 Facebook Group: / 1583992725237264
📣 Reddit Community: / isaacarthur.
🐦 Follow on Twitter / X: / isaac_a_arthur.
💬 SFIA Discord Server: / discord.
Credits:
Genetic Bottlenecks – How Few People Can Start a World? Or Restart One?
Written, Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur.
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images.

Chapters.
0:00 Intro.
10:56 Restoration.
19:26 Practical Engineering

Backdoored PyTorch Lightning package drops credential stealer

A malicious version of the PyTorch Lightning package published on the Python Package Index (PyPI) delivers a credential-stealing payload targeting browsers, environment files, and cloud services.

The developer disclosed the supply-chain attack on April 30, saying that version 2.6.3 of the package included a hidden execution chain that downloads and executes a JavaScript payload.

PyTorch Lightning is a deep learning framework used for pretraining and fine-tuning AI models. It is a popular package, amassing more than 11 million downloads last month.

Dust Traps Twice as Much Heat as Climate Models Estimate

Atmospheric desert dust absorbs roughly twice the heat previously estimated by climate models, representing about 10% of total global warming. [ https://www.labroots.com/trending/earth-and-the-environment/…estimate-2](https://www.labroots.com/trending/earth-and-the-environment/…estimate-2)


What role does dust play in climate change? This is what a recent study published in Nature Communications hopes to address as a team of scientists investigated how desert dust could be used to constrain climate models. This study has the potential to help researchers, climate scientists, legislators, and the public better understand new methods for understanding the various environmental factors that contribute to climate change.

For the study, the researchers used a combination of observational data and computer models with the goal of filling a knowledge gap regarding how desert dust influences solar radiation distribution within Earth’s atmosphere. The observational data was obtained from satellites and aircraft measurements while the climate models obtained new data for computing the results. In the end, the researchers found that while dust cools the planet, it is also prone to trap double the heat as climate models have estimated, or 10 percent of the total heat retention for the planet.

“Atmospheric dust traps about a quarter of a watt per square meter of heat by absorbing and scattering the heat radiation emitted by the Earth, comparable to roughly one-tenth of the warming effect produced by the carbon dioxide emitted from all human activities,” said Dr. Jasper Kok, who is a professor in atmospheric and ocean sciences at UCLA and lead author of the study. “Current climate models undercount the heating effect of dust by about half. The climate models remain effective and useful, and this will make them even more precise.”

Airborne desert dust may warm climate far more than expected, new analysis shows

Atmospheric dust plays a dual role in Earth’s climate: it reflects some sunlight back into space while also absorbing and retaining the planet’s heat like an insulating blanket. But while dust likely cools the planet overall, that’s not the whole story. New UCLA research shows that the heat-trapping effect of airborne desert dust in the atmosphere is about twice as big as previously believed.

Although researchers emphasized that current climate models are performing well, the new findings will further increase precision. Updating climate and weather models to account for the larger heat-trapping power of dust could improve both short-term weather forecasts and long-term climate projections, said lead researcher and UCLA atmospheric scientist Jasper Kok.

Using data from satellites, aircraft measurements and new climate simulations, combined with meteorological data related to temperature, UCLA-led researchers developed a global estimate, shared in a study published in Nature Communications.

/* */