A company wants to build a city from ‘the internet up,’ but locals are worried about privacy controls over personal data.
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Tornadoes are some of the most destructive weather events on the planet, so understanding how they form is vital in forming early warning systems that give people plenty of time to take cover. It’s long been thought that rotation in storm clouds is the very first sign that a twister is taking shape, but new research suggests that the cloud rotation might actually be the last piece of the tornado puzzle.
While monitoring a large tornado-producing storm in central Oklahoma, meteorologist Jana Houser of Ohio University gathered readings using a mobile Doppler radar that logged wind speeds twice per minute. This painted a detailed picture of the exact moment the clouds began to rotate, but it wasn’t until afterward that Houser and her fellow researchers noticed an anomaly.
What If We Terraformed Venus?
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Researchers have discovered a link between the cellular recycling system known as autophagy and the behavior of microglial immune cells during aging.
We have discussed the polarization of macrophages in a number of previous articles, and it has become quite a hot topic among researchers in the last few years. Microglia are tissue-resident macrophages in the central nervous system, and, like other macrophages, they also have a certain polarization state that essentially determines their behavioral patterns and activities.
There are two main polarizations in macrophages that are of interest: M1 and M2. In simple terms, M1 macrophages aggressively intercept pathogens and are proinflammatory, as they use various cellular weapons against invading bacteria and viruses. In contrast, M2 macrophages are focused on reducing inflammation to facilitate tissue repair and healing.