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Rare-earth-free zinc oxide achieves a first in stress-to-light conversion

Mechanoluminescent materials convert mechanical energy such as stress, strain and vibration directly into light, making them attractive as self-powered sensors that require no batteries or wiring. From biomedical sensors to self-powered infrastructure monitoring sensors, mechanoluminescent materials have a wide range of potential applications. However, high-performance mechanoluminescent materials have traditionally relied on expensive rare-earth materials or complex material compositions.

Now, a research team led by Tohoku University, in collaboration with the University of Tsukuba and Saga University, has developed a zinc oxide (ZnO) material that exhibits strong, highly sensitive mechanoluminescence without using any rare-earth elements.

The newly developed material combines high sensitivity with low cost by using zinc oxide, an earth-abundant material already found in products such as sunscreens, cosmetics and ointments.

Transparent OLED advance could improve AR displays and smart windows

Seoul National University College of Engineering announced that a research team led by Prof. Yongtaek Hong from the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering has developed a high-performance transparent organic light-emitting diode (OLED) incorporating highly conductive transparent metal mesh top electrodes fabricated using a selective metal deposition technique. The research was published in the journal Materials Horizons and was selected as the outside front cover image for the issue.

Transparent OLEDs have attracted significant attention for next-generation applications, including advanced displays, augmented reality (AR), automotive displays and smart windows, because of their capability for bidirectional light emission. However, despite achieving high optical transparency and excellent electrical performance, conventional transparent electrodes often face limitations when directly integrated into OLED devices because their fabrication processes can chemically or physically damage the underlying organic layers.

To address this challenge, the research team developed a metal-patterning technology based on a high-resolution transfer-printing process using a metal-vapor-desorption layer (MVDL). This approach enables the fabrication of highly conductive transparent metal mesh patterns with micrometer-scale resolution without requiring chemical washing or lift-off processes. As a result, high-quality vapor-deposited metal patterns can be directly formed on organic stacks while minimizing damage to the underlying organic device layers.

Patterns are alive, and we are living patterns

The search for “alien” intelligences isn’t only looking to outer space: some biologists are convinced that weird and wonderful forms of intelligence already exist right here on earth, and that they hold the key to understanding intelligence itself. In the first of a two part series, Michael Levin tries to shake us out of any assumption that intelligent beings must be embodied in a conventional way. Instead, he suggests, patterns in a medium might be intelligent, and any distinction between thinkers and thoughts is in the eye of the beholder. Read part two of our series here.

SETI, the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, is a scientific endeavor with two key things going for it. First, it would have obvious and enormous impacts on our world if it were to succeed. And second, regardless of whether any extraterrestrial intelligence is found, it’s fascinating in and of itself because it forces us to ask fundamental questions in science and philosophy:

What exactly are we looking for, and how do we know if we’ve found it?

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