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Next-generation microbiome medicine may transform Parkinson’s treatment

The age-old advice to “trust your gut” could soon take on new meaning for people diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease, thanks to a creative feat of bioengineering by researchers in the University of Georgia’s College of Veterinary Medicine.

Anumantha Kanthasamy, professor and director of the Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research (ICNDR) leads a multidisciplinary research team including Gregory Phillips, Piyush Padhi, and other scientists that has engineered a groundbreaking living medicine, a beneficial probiotic designed to deliver levodopa steadily from the gut to the brain of Parkinson’s patients.

In a paper published in the journal Cell Host & Microbe, Kanthasamy’s team details how they engineered and tested the probiotic bacterium Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 as a drug-delivery system that continuously produces and delivers the gold-standard Parkinson’s drug, which is converted to dopamine in the brain. The E. coli Nissle strain was chosen for its century-long record of safely treating gastrointestinal disorders in humans.

Dual-mode design boosts MEMS accelerometer accuracy, study reveals

A research team led by Prof. Zou Xudong from the Aerospace Information Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (AIRCAS) has proposed a new solution to address two longstanding challenges in Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) resonant accelerometers: temperature drift and measurement dead zones.

By implementing a dual-mode operating scheme that effectively decouples the operating frequencies of the device’s differential beams, the team has achieved improvements in the sensor’s accuracy and performance. Their findings were recently published in Microsystems & Nanoengineering.

The study revealed that driving one in its first resonant mode while operating the other in its second resonant mode can enhance temperature compensation and mitigate the modal localization effect that typically causes measurement dead zones. The dual-mode design also preserves the geometrical symmetry of the beams, which is critical for minimizing temperature-induced errors and maintaining stable sensor performance.

ID830 is the most X-ray luminous radio-loud quasar, observations find

An international team of astronomers have employed the Spektr-RG spacecraft and various ground-based telescopes to investigate a distant quasar known as ID830. Results of the new observations, published November 7 on the pre-print server arXiv, indicate that ID830 is the most X-ray luminous radio-loud quasar known to date.

Quasars, or quasi-stellar objects (QSOs), are (AGN) in the centers of active galaxies, powered by supermassive black holes (SMBHs). They showcase very high bolometric luminosities (over one quattuordecillion erg/s), emitting observable in radio, infrared, visible, ultraviolet and X-ray wavelengths.

Green-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles from desert plants show broad antimicrobial activity

As drug-resistant infections continue to rise, researchers are looking for new antimicrobial strategies that are both effective and sustainable. One emerging approach combines nanotechnology with “green” chemistry, using plant extracts instead of harsh chemicals to produce metal oxide nanoparticles.

A new study published in Biomolecules and Biomedicine now reports that oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) biosynthesized from four desert plants with medicinal properties can inhibit a wide spectrum of bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi in laboratory tests. The work also links the plants’ rich phytochemical profiles to nanoparticle stability and potency, and uses computer modeling to explore how key compounds might interact with microbial targets.

The study is the first to produce ZnONPs from species that thrive in harsh, arid environments and are often under-used or even considered invasive. “By turning resilient desert plants into tiny zinc oxide particles, we were able to generate materials that are both eco-friendly to produce and surprisingly active against a range of microbes,” the authors write. “These green nanoparticles could form the basis for future antimicrobial formulations, pending further safety and efficacy testing.”

Innovative underwater exoskeleton boosts diving efficiency

A research team led by Professor Wang Qining from the School of Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics, Peking University, has developed the world’s first portable underwater exoskeleton system that assists divers’ knee movement, significantly reducing air consumption and muscle effort during dives.

The findings, published in IEEE Transactions on Robotics on October 14, 2025, open new possibilities for enhancing in underwater environments.

Enduring patterns in world’s languages: One-third of grammatical ‘universals’ stand up to rigorous testing

Despite the vast diversity of human languages, specific grammatical patterns appear again and again. A new study reveals that around a third of the long-proposed “linguistic universals”—patterns thought to hold across all languages—are statistically supported when examined with state-of-the-art evolutionary methods.

An international team led by Annemarie Verkerk (Saarland University) and Russell D. Gray (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology) used Grambank, the world’s most comprehensive database of grammatical features, to test 191 proposed universals across more than 1,700 languages. Traditionally, linguists have attempted to circumvent the genealogical and geographic non-independence of languages by sampling widely separated languages.

However, sampling can fail to remove all dependencies, reduce statistical power and does not identify historical pathways. The Bayesian spatio-phylogenetic analyses used by the authors accounted for both the genealogical and geographic non-independence of languages—a level of statistical rigor rarely achieved in previous work.

A unified model of memory and perception: How Hebbian learning explains our recall of past events

A collaboration between SISSA’s Physics and Neuroscience groups has taken a step forward in understanding how memories are stored and retrieved in the brain. The study, recently published in Neuron, shows that distinct perceptual biases—long thought to arise from separate brain systems—can, in fact, be explained by a single, biologically grounded mechanism.

The research, led by professors Sebastian Goldt and Mathew E. Diamond, and first author Francesca Schönsberg (now a junior research chair at the École Normale Supérieure), brings together , , and to bridge decades of fragmented research on perceptual . Yukti Chopra and Davide Giana carried out laboratory experiments to provide the empirical data that the model was tested against.

Astronomers reveal flat ‘Diamond Ring’ in Cygnus X is a burst bubble remnant

An international team led by researchers from the University of Cologne has solved the mystery of an extraordinary phenomenon known as the “Diamond Ring” in the star-forming region Cygnus X, a huge, ring-shaped structure made of gas and dust that resembles a glowing diamond ring. In similar structures, the formations are not flat but spherical in shape. How this special shape came about was previously unknown.

The results have been published under the title “The Diamond Ring in Cygnus X: an advanced stage of an expanding bubble of ionized carbon” in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics.

Lead-free alternative discovered for essential electronics component

Ferroelectric materials are used in infrared cameras, medical ultrasounds, computer memory and actuators that turn electric properties into mechanical properties and vice-versa. Most of these essential materials, however, contain lead and can therefore be toxic.

“For the last 10 years, there has been a huge initiative all over the world to find that do not contain lead,” said Laurent Bellaiche, Distinguished Professor of physics at the University of Arkansas.

The atoms in a ferroelectric material can have more than one . Where two crystalline structures meet is called a phase boundary, and the properties that make ferroelectric materials useful are strongest at these boundaries.

Supercomputer simulates quantum chip in unprecedented detail

A broad association of researchers from across Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California, Berkeley have collaborated to perform an unprecedented simulation of a quantum microchip, a key step forward in perfecting the chips required for this next-generation technology. The simulation used more than 7,000 NVIDIA GPUs on the Perlmutter supercomputer at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) user facility.

Modeling quantum chips allows researchers to understand their function and performance before they’re fabricated, ensuring that they work as intended and spotting any problems that might come up. Quantum Systems Accelerator (QSA) researchers Zhi Jackie Yao and Andy Nonaka of the Applied Mathematics and Computational Research (AMCR) Division at Berkeley Lab develop electromagnetic models to simulate these chips, a key step in the process of producing better quantum hardware.

“The predicts how design decisions affect electromagnetic wave propagation in the ,” said Nonaka, “to make sure proper signal coupling occurs and avoid unwanted crosstalk.”

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