Lifeboat Foundation

An international research team has discovered a potential new target for a drug that could prevent the deadly metastases responsible for 90% of cancer deaths.

According to a study published in Nature, an international team of researchers has identified a mechanism that allows cancer cells to spread throughout the body. They found that cancer cells move faster when they are surrounded by thicker fluids, a change that occurs when lymph drainage is disrupted by a primary tumor.

These findings provide a potential new target for stopping metastasis, which is responsible for 90% of cancer deaths.

With 2023 right around the corner, we make 5 predictions that will happen in the artificial intelligence (AI) world.

5 Predictions.
1) GPT-4 to be released.
2) Autonomous Vehicles as primary source of transportation for general population.
3) Evolution of search engines.
4) Humanoid robot development.
5) Run out of data to train AI language models.

Back-of-the-envelope math suggests interstellar probes get faster every year.

A team from Nagoya University in Japan has observed, for the first time, the energy transferring from resonant electrons to whistler-mode waves in space. Their findings offer direct evidence of previously theorized efficient growth, as predicted by the non-linear growth theory of waves. This should improve our understanding of not only space plasma physics but also space weather, a phenomenon that affects satellites.

When people imagine outer space, they often envision it as a perfect vacuum. In fact, this impression is wrong because the vacuum is filled with charged particles. In the depths of space, the density of charged particles becomes so low that they rarely collide with each other.

Instead of collisions, the forces related to the electric and magnetic fields filling space, control the motion of charged particles. This lack of collisions occurs throughout space, except for very near to celestial objects, such as stars, moons, or planets. In these cases, the charged particles are no longer traveling through the vacuum of space but instead through a medium where they can strike other particles.

A study demonstrates full energy–momentum matching, and enhanced interaction, between free electrons and photons through a continuum of flatband resonances, realized in a silicon-on-insulator photonic crystal slab.

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Over the past few decades, several imaging protocols based on quantum technologies have been realized^1,2, which have expanded the application capabilities of optical imaging. These include ghost imaging (GI)^3,4, quantum imaging with undetected photons (QIUP)⁵, and interaction-free measurements (IFMs)^6,7. The quantum GI scheme relies on the spatial correlations of entangled photon pairs and requires two-photon coincident measurements. Furthermore, ghost imaging can also be realized with classical intensity-fluctuation correlations⁸. Later, various single-pixel imaging (SPI) protocols were proposed^{9,10,11,12,13}, where the spatial correlations are not between two photons but between one photon and a programmable mask held in a spatial light modulator (SLM).

In contrast to modern digital cameras employing array sensors to capture images, SPI use a sequence of masks to interrogate the scene along with the correlated intensity measurements by a single-pixel detector. The spatially resolved masks are usually generated by computer and displayed by SLM. Combined with compressive techniques¹⁰, the number of sampling measurements is fewer than the total number of pixels in the image. Thereby, SPI can reduce the data processing requirement, and shows potential capability for high dimensional sensing¹². On the other hand, the modern single-photon detector is featured by improved detection efficiency, lower dark counts, and faster timing response¹⁴. Such enhancements have significance to applying SPI into weak signal detection scenarios, such as scattering medium imaging or long-range 3D imaging¹¹.

The QIUP scheme is based on induced coherence (IC), which was first proposed by Zou, Wang, and Mandel¹⁵. They used two photon sources to generate photon pairs. By overlapping path of two sources for one photon (idler)^15,16,17 and establishing the so-called path identity^18,19, there is no information about the origin of the other photon (signal). Thus, the signal photon is in the superposition state of being created in either of the sources. The phase and transmissivity of the idler photon are encoded in the interference of the signal photon. Inserting one object onto the idler path between two sources, one can obtain images exclusively with the signal photons which have no interaction with the object⁵. In contrast to GI, QIUP does not involve the detection of the photon illuminating the object or any coincidence measurement. This is an advantage of QIUP, as the wavelength of the detected photon can be chosen independently from that of the photon interacting with the object⁵. This concept was further explored in infrared (IR) spectroscopy²⁰, optical coherence tomography^21,22, mid-IR imaging^23,24,25, terahertz (THz) sensing²⁶, biological microscopy²⁷, and holography²⁸. Recently, the related SU(1,1) interferometer has been investigated and employed in quantum-enhanced metrology^{29,30,31,32,33}.

Sepsis affects 750,000 people in the U.S. and nearly 50 million people globally.

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition arising from the body’s overreactive response against an infection, leading it to injure its own tissues and organs. The first known reference to “sepsis” dates back more than 2,700 years, when the Greek poet Homer used it as a derivative of the word “sepo,” meaning “I rot.”

Despite dramatic improvements in understanding the immunological mechanisms behind sepsis, it still remains a major medical concern, affecting 750,000 people in the U.S. and nearly 50 million people globally each year.

Continue reading “Breakthrough research finds new targets to help fight the costliest disease in the world” »

A new type of solar panel has achieved nine percent efficiency in converting water into hydrogen and oxygen through a process known as artificial photosynthesis.

This is a major breakthrough as it is nearly ten times more efficient than previous solar water-splitting experiments, according to a press release by the University of Michigan published on Wednesday.