Toggle light / dark theme

Exploring noninvasive brain stimulation as a tool to enhance cognitive adaptability in autistic individuals

Some autistic traits related to challenges with social interaction, mental flexibility and visual perception could be alleviated through a new, noninvasive therapy. A team of researchers, including those from the University of Tokyo, found that stimulating nerve cells when the brain becomes “stuck” in a certain state improves flexibility and relieves some autistic behaviors. The procedure utilized transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), which is already used to treat certain mood disorders, in a novel manner.

The study is published in the journal Nature Neuroscience.

Over 40 adults with a mild form of autism participated, and the therapeutic effects lasted for up to two months after the last session. This study could contribute toward projects enabling new treatments.

Researchers map connections between the brain’s structure and function

Using an algorithm they call the Krakencoder, researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine are a step closer to unraveling how the brain’s wiring supports the way we think and act. The study, published June 5 in Nature Methods, used imaging data from the Human Connectome Project to align neural activity with its underlying circuitry.

Mapping how the brain’s anatomical connections and activity patterns relate to behavior is crucial not only for understanding how the brain works generally but also for identifying biomarkers of disease, predicting outcomes in neurological disorders and designing personalized interventions.

The brain consists of a complex network of interconnected neurons whose collective activity drives our behavior. The structural connectome represents the physical wiring of the brain, the map of how different regions are anatomically connected.

Echolocation research sheds light on how whales and dolphins use sound

Toothed whales use sound to find their way around, detect objects, and catch fish. They can investigate their environment by making clicking sounds, and then decoding the “echoic return signal” created when the clicking sounds bounce off objects and return to their ears. This “biosonar,” called echolocation, is rare in the animal kingdom.

Now, a new study by researchers at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, New College of Florida, UC Berkeley, and Oxford University, and published in PLOS One, brings us closer to understanding how dolphin brains have evolved to support .

The research team applied new techniques for mapping networks in the excised brains of dead, stranded cetaceans to examine and compare the auditory pathways in echolocating dolphins and a non-echolocating baleen whale called a sei whale. A partnership with the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) and others is critical to advancing this work.

All about those faceoffs: Study shows how seasoned hockey fan brains react to key moments in games

What’s happening inside the brain of a passionate hockey fan during a big game? A new study from the University of Waterloo gives a closer look at how the brain functions when watching sports, with data showing how different a die-hard fan’s experience is from that of a casual viewer.

The study, “Understanding the sport viewership experience using functional near-infrared spectroscopy,” is published in Scientific Reports.

The researchers found that during offensive faceoff opportunities, fans deeply invested in hockey showed more activity in a part of the brain called the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex. This area is connected to emotional involvement and evaluative thinking—the mental processing we use to judge and interpret what’s happening around us.

Investigating the Presence of Neurodegeneration Independent of Relapses in MOGAD Compared to Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

This study investigated neurodegeneration in MOGAD, independent of relapses, by comparing clinical, cognitive, and advanced MRI markers in MOGAD, relapsing-remitting MS, and healthy control.


Progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) is a novel clinical concept in multiple sclerosis (MS) that describes an insidious, persistent disability accrual not related to attacks,1 occurring not only in progressive MS phenotypes but also in the early disease and relapsing-remitting phases (RRMS).1,2 PIRA seems to reflect the presence of chronic smoldering inflammation and subsequent neurodegenerative pathobiological processes in MS.2,3 Cognitive decline independent of relapse activity (cognitive PIRA) can be a sensitive measure of neurodegeneration in MS, even independent of clinical worsening,4,5 and in other neurodegenerative conditions.6,7 Longitudinal structural MRI (sMRI) brain volume loss, measured using MRI scans at different intervals, is a marker of progressive neuroaxonal loss and atrophy and has been used to assess treatment efficacy in MS.8–11 White matter atrophy involves myelin and axonal loss, often caused by Wallerian degeneration. Gray matter atrophy is widespread, affecting areas such as the neocortex, thalamus, hippocampus, and cerebellum, and is mainly due to neuroaxonal loss and neuronal shrinkage rather than demyelination.12–14

Diffusion-weighted imaging (dMRI) is an advanced MRI approach allowing the evaluation of the microstructural brain tissue damage. Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) is a water-diffusion model, which can interpret changes within one of the three compartments: intra-axonal (neurite density index—NDI), extraneurite (ODI), and free water (isotropic volume fraction—ISOVF).15 The histopathologic validation studies on the NODDI model have shown significant correlations between the ODI and circular variance, a marker of neurite orientation variability, as well as between ODI and myelin staining fraction in MS samples.16 Negative correlations were observed between the NDI and circular variance in healthy controls (HCs) and positive correlations between NDI and markers of myelin, axon, and microglia content.

Autism, Family & You: Hale Ph.D., Ian, Lee, Newton, Carrier, Chloe Estelle: 9798985376319: Amazon.com: Books

Published by IFERS of Beverley Hills, May 2025.

#fypageシ #trending #autism #autismo #health #wellness


Autism, Family & You [Hale Ph.D., Ian, Lee, Newton, Carrier, Chloe Estelle] on Amazon.com. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Autism, Family & You.

Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis: standing at the crossroad of lipid metabolism and immune response

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by macroscopic features such as cortical atrophy, narrowing of the gyri, widening of the sulci, and enlargement of the ventricles. At the cellular level, the pathological characteristics include the extracellular aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) forming senile plaques, and the intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins forming neurofibrillary tangles. AD leads to the progressive decline of cognitive, behavioral, and social abilities, with no effective treatment available currently. The pathophysiology of AD is complex, involving mechanisms such as immune dysregulation and lipid metabolism alterations. Immune cells, such as microglia, can identify and clear pathological aggregates like Aβ early in the disease.