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Qin and colleagues develop a genome-editing tool characterized by the versatility of prime editors and unconstrained PAM requirement of SpRY. In vivo gene corre.
Year 2020 Immortality in eyes achieved with Nad plus đđđ.
Glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration are leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide with significant health and societal burdens. To date, no clinical cures are available and treatments target only the manageable symptoms and risk factors (but do not remediate the underlying pathology of the disease). Both diseases are neurodegenerative in their pathology of the retina and as such many of the events that trigger cell dysfunction, degeneration, and eventual loss are due to mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Here, we critically review how a decreased bioavailability of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD; a crucial metabolite in healthy and disease states) may underpin many of these aberrant mechanisms. We propose how exogenous sources of NAD may become a therapeutic standard for the treatment of these conditions.
Summary: A recent study illuminates the brainâs unique response to stress: releasing its own cannabinoid molecules akin to THC from cannabis plants.
Centered in the amygdala, these molecules counteract stress alarms originating from the hippocampus, an integral memory and emotion region. This hints at the bodyâs intrinsic mechanism for stress management.
Disruption in this system might escalate risks for stress-induced psychiatric conditions.
Malaria is one of the most widespread and devastating infectious diseases across the globe. This mosquito-borne parasitic disease killed approximately 619,000 people in 2021 alone, many of them children in Africa. In one of the deadliest forms of malaria, known as cerebral malaria, the patient experiences severe neurological symptoms, such as seizures and coma. Although only a small fraction of people who fall ill with malaria also experience cerebral malaria, the condition is lethal without treatment. Among hospitalized patients with the condition, death rates range between 15 and 20%. In a new paper, recently published in Science Translational Medicine, researchers from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the NIH, and their colleagues studied children with cerebral malaria in Malawi to better understand the underlying causes of these devastating symptoms in the hope of developing improved treatments.
Researchers know that the symptoms of cerebral malaria are caused when the brain swells within the confines of the skull, eventually impinging upon the brainstem, which causes breathing to stop. However, researchers have been unsure how malaria infection leads to brain swelling. Some researchers hypothesized that the main cause was a weakening of the blood-brain barrier, which would allow fluid to seep into the brain and cause it to swell. Others speculated that the primary driver behind the swelling was inside the blood vessels themselves. Red blood cells infected with P. falciparum, the parasite which causes malaria, can become âsticky,â adhering to the walls of blood vessels. Partial blockages inside the cerebral veins could slow the flow of blood leaving the brain, causing the blood vessels themselves to become engorged and expand the brain from within.
To distinguish between these two hypotheses, NIAID researchers and their collaborators used non-invasive imaging techniques to study the flow of blood within the brains of 46 children who had been hospitalized for cerebral malaria at the Pediatric Research Ward of Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Blantyre, Malawi. As a comparison, they also studied 33 children with uncomplicated malaria and 26 healthy children from the local region. By using a light-based external monitoring tool (called near-infrared spectroscopy, or NIRS) the researchers were able to measure the amount of hemoglobin in the childrenâs brains. They reasoned that if excess fluid was the cause of brain swelling, then the hemoglobin concentration would be low, due to dilution. Alternatively, if the blood vessels were engorged with blood, then the hemoglobin concentration would be high.
Research led by the Department of Anthropology and School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Ohio, has investigated neuropeptide Y innervation in an area of the brain called the nucleus accumbens of various primate species, including humans. The research was focused on understanding its role in brain evolution and any implications for human health, particularly regarding addiction and eating disorders.
In a paper, âHedonic eating, obesity, and addiction result from increased neuropeptide Y in the nucleus accumbens during human brain evolution,â published in PNAS, the researchers suggest that the combination of increased neuropeptide Y (NPY) and dopamine (DA) within the human nucleus accumbens (NAc) may have allowed for enhanced brain development. This same configuration may have also made humans exceptionally vulnerable to eating disorders and substance abuse, hinting at addictive traits having a deep evolutionary origin.
NPY plays a role in the reward system, emotional behavior and is associated with increased alcohol use, drug addiction and fat intake. The NAc brain region is central to motivation and action, exhibiting one of the highest densities of NPY in the brain and is of great interest to researchers investigating brain-related promoters of addiction.
Decades of Alzheimerâs research might have missed a cellular culprit hiding in plain sight: the cellular powerhouses known as mitochondria.
The Video Assistant Referees (VAR) was made official by the FIFA for the World Cup in Russia in order to end the refereeing controversies. this system is considered a total justice for football, VAR and the anti-dopping system have an Achillesâheel: The mind control with brain nanobots. Mind control is a reductive process in which a man is reduced to an animal, machine or slave. Nowadays, the mind control could be developed with invasive neurotechnology as brain nanobots that can control directly the activity of victim neurons stimulating or inhibiting them and thus, control different bodyâs functions like the motor functions. It could be used by nanomafias in sports like soccer and could being applied on football players of the teams that are participating, nowadays, in the current world cup. The FIFA should be prepared to avoid the mental control and the illicit use of brain nanobots, as they are regarding drugs using the anti-dopping in order to get the justice in world football.
Keywords: nanotechnology, brain, internet, interface brain-machine, crime, soccer.
The 2018 FIFA World Cup is the 21st FIFA World Cup, a quadrennial international football that is organized by FIFA. It is currently ongoing in Russia starting from 14 June and will end with the final match on 15 July 2018. The Video Assistant Referees (VAR) was made official by the FIFA for the World Cup in Russia in order to end the refereeing controversies. The FIFA implemented the VAR that is a live support system for referees, which gives them the option of changing decisions that could influence in the scoreboard or in the match incidences although this system is considered the final point for the controversies in refereeing decisions and represent for FIFA and most analysts, a total justice for football.1 The VAR and the anti-dopping system have an Achillesâ heel.
Zhiling Guo, a Research Fellow at the University of Birmingham outlines research into how nanomaterials found in consumer and health-care products can pass from the bloodstream to the brain side of a blood-brain barrier model with varying ease depending on their shape. A new study reveals that this may create potential neurological impacts that could be both positive and negative.
https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/news/latest/2021/07/nanomateriaâŠstudy.aspx
Researchers have confirmed that human brains are naturally wired to perform advanced calculations, similar to e a high-powered computer, to make sense of the world through a process known as Bayesian inference.
In a recent study published in Nature Communications.
<em>Nature Communications</em> is a peer-reviewed, open-access, multidisciplinary, scientific journal published by Nature Portfolio. It covers the natural sciences, including physics, biology, chemistry, medicine, and earth sciences. It began publishing in 2010 and has editorial offices in London, Berlin, New York City, and Shanghai.
A new episode of our podcast, âShow Me the Science,â has been posted. These episodes feature stories about groundbreaking research, as well as lifesaving and just plain cool stuff involving faculty, staff and students at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis.
In this episode, Washington University researchers discuss the Food and Drug Administrationâs recent full approval of the drug Leqembi (lecanemab) and what it could mean to the future of Alzheimerâs disease treatments. The drug is approved for use in people with mild dementia from Alzheimerâs disease, but researchers at Washington Universityâs Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center (ADRC), believe the drug, along with other medications in clinical trials, one day may help prevent the development of memory loss and problems with thinking in people who have Alzheimerâs pathology in the brain but who have not yet developed clinical symptoms of the disease.
Barbara Joy Snider, MD, PhD, a professor of neurology and director of clinical trials at the Knight ADRC, says that although Leqembi doesnât cure Alzheimerâs disease, it slows the decline in memory and thinking, and it also slows the progression of the disorder by removing some amyloid plaques from the brain.
