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Archive for the ‘neuroscience’ category: Page 106

Apr 17, 2024

Mystery illness ‘slowly chewing’ on brain of healthy dad, 42, began with 1 symptom

Posted by in categories: education, neuroscience

I found this on NewsBreak: Mystery illness ‘slowly chewing’ on brain of healthy dad, 42, began with 1 symptom.

Apr 17, 2024

Oxytocin’s effects aren’t just about love

Posted by in category: neuroscience

I found this on NewsBreak: Oxytocin’s effects aren’t just about love.

Apr 16, 2024

Discover the Key to Happiness and Fulfillment with Harvard Psychiatrist’s Advice

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, health, neuroscience

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Apr 16, 2024

Frontiers: Most mathematical cognition research has focused on understanding normal adult function and child development as well as mildly and moderately impaired mathematical skill

Posted by in categories: mathematics, neuroscience

Often labeled developmental dyscalculia and/or mathematical learning disability. In contrast, much less research is available on cognitive and neural correlates of gifted/excellent mathematical knowledge in adults and children. In order to facilitate further inquiry into this area, here we review 40 available studies, which examine the cognitive and neural basis of gifted mathematics. Studies associated a large number of cognitive factors with gifted mathematics, with spatial processing and working memory being the most frequently identified contributors. However, the current literature suffers from low statistical power, which most probably contributes to variability across findings. Other major shortcomings include failing to establish domain and stimulus specificity of findings, suggesting causation without sufficient evidence and the frequent use of invalid backward inference in neuro-imaging studies. Future studies must increase statistical power and neuro-imaging studies must rely on supporting behavioral data when interpreting findings. Studies should investigate the factors shown to correlate with math giftedness in a more specific manner and determine exactly how individual factors may contribute to gifted math ability.

A disproportionately large amount of scientific advancement throughout history has occurred due to cognitively gifted individuals. However, we know surprisingly little about the cognitive structure supporting gifted mathematics. The current understanding is that human mathematical ability builds on an extensive network of cognitive skills and mathematics-specific knowledge, which are supported by motivational factors (Ansari, 2008; Beilock, 2008; Fias et al., 2013; Szűcs et al., 2014; Szűcs, 2016). To date, most psychological and neuroscience studies have examined potentially important factors only in children and adults with normal mathematics as well as in children with poor mathematical abilities (e.g., in children with mathematical learning disability or developmental dyscalculia). In contrast, those with high levels of mathematical giftedness received relatively little attention.

Apr 16, 2024

The Darwin Brain-Based Automata: Synthetic Neural Models and Real-World Devices

Posted by in category: neuroscience

DOI link for The Darwin Brain-Based Automata: Synthetic Neural Models and Real-World Devices.

The darwin brain-based automata: synthetic neural models and real-world devices.

Apr 16, 2024

Scientists Discover Extensive Brain-Wave Patterns

Posted by in category: neuroscience

Certain brain layers specialize in particular waves—which might aid understanding of neuropsychiatric disorders.

By Simon Makin

Apr 15, 2024

Researchers identify brain region involved in control of attention

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, neuroscience

Researchers at the University of Iowa in a new study have linked a region in the brain to how humans redirect thoughts and attention when distracted.


University of Iowa researchers have identified a brain region involved in how attention or thought is diverted. In addition to its biological significance, the finding could help people with Parkinson’s disease who struggle with impulsive thoughts or erratic attention.

Apr 15, 2024

Mechanism found to Determine Which Memories Last

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, neuroscience

Neuroscientists have established in recent decades the idea that some of each day’s experiences are converted by the brain into permanent memories during sleep the same night. Now, a new study proposes a mechanism that determines which memories are tagged as Important enough to linger in the brain until sleep makes them permanent.

Led by researchers from NYU Grossman School of Medicine, the study revolves around brain cells called neurons that “fire” – or bring about swings in the balance of their positive and negative charges — to transmit electrical signals that encode memories. Large groups of neurons in the hippocampus fire together in rhythmic cycles, creating sequences of signals within milliseconds of each other that can encode complex information.

Called “sharp wave-ripples,” these “shouts” to the rest of the brain represent the near-simultaneous firing of 15 percent of hippocampal neurons, and are named for the shape they take when their activity is captured by electrodes and recorded on a graph.

Apr 15, 2024

Positive Results for Intranasal Oxytocin in Adults With Autism

Posted by in category: neuroscience

Budapest, Hungary — Twice daily intranasal oxytocin has been associated with improved social functioning, quality of life, and overall symptoms in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), results of a small randomized control trial showed.

“One of the challenges for adults with autism is experiencing poor social interactions and difficulties in making friends. Insufficient social support from peers, friends, and family members can contribute to loneliness in adolescents with ASD, which in turn leads to anxiety, sadness, and social isolation,” said study investigator Saba Faraji Niri, MD, assistant professor of psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences in Iran.

Recent US data show is relatively common. In addition, previous research suggests intranasal oxytocin significantly increases activity in brain regions that play a role in establishing social interactions.

Apr 15, 2024

On World Parkinson’s Day, a New Theory Emerges on the Disease’s Origins and Spread

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, chemistry, food, health, neuroscience

A new hypothesis paper appearing in the Journal of Parkinson’s Disease on World Parkinson’s Day unites the brain-and body-first models with some of the likely causes of the disease–environmental toxicants that are either inhaled or ingested.


Pointing to a growing body of research linking environmental exposure to Parkinson’s disease, the authors believe the new models may enable the scientific community to connect specific exposures to specific forms of the disease. This effort will be aided by increasing public awareness of the adverse health effects of many chemicals in our environment. The authors conclude that their hypothesis “may explain many of the mysteries of Parkinson’s disease and open the door toward the ultimate goal–prevention.”

In addition to Parkinson’s, these models of environmental exposure may advance understanding of how toxicants contribute to other brain disorders, including autism in children, ALS in adults, and Alzheimer’s in seniors. Dorsey and his colleagues at the University of Rochester have organized a symposium on the Brain and the Environment in Washington, DC, on May 20 that will examine the role toxicants in our food, water, and air are playing in all these brain diseases.

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