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Category: health – Page 3

Viral mechanism behind nasopharyngeal cancer spread

Lymphoid structures and thermogenic adipose tissue interplay!

The presence of active thermogenic adipose tissue (TAT) has been related to better cardiometabolic health.

While immunity and metabolism were once considered distinct domains, emerging evidence highlights the critical role of infiltrated immune cells in orchestrating the development and activation of TAT. Despite this novel function of infiltrated immune cells, scarce research has focused on the role that organized lymphoid structures like lymph nodes (LNs) and lymphatics exert on TAT metabolism.

The presence of peripheral LNs relates to a higher browning and thermogenic capacity of the surrounding fat, at least in part, through the secretion of factors like IL-33 and CCL22, and the higher number of BST2-beige adipocyte progenitors compared to more distant fat.

The lymphatic vasculature also influences TAT function and adaptive thermogenesis through the secretion of neurotensin by the lymphatic endothelial cells.

Future research should elucidate whether exploiting the lymphoid tissue– TAT axis could constitute a potential therapeutic target to activate TAT. #sciencenewshighlights #ScienceMission https://sciencemission.com/lymphoid-structures-and-thermogenic-adipose-tissue

Continue reading “Viral mechanism behind nasopharyngeal cancer spread” | >

Cracks in flexible electronics run deeper than expected: Study points to potential fix

From health monitors and smartwatches to foldable phones and portable solar panels, demand for flexible electronics is growing rapidly. But the durability of those devices—their ability to stand up to thousands of folds, flexes and rolls—is a significant concern.

New research by engineers from Brown University has revealed surprising details about how cracks form in multilayer flexible electronic devices. The team shows that small cracks in a device’s fragile electrode layer can drive deeper, more destructive cracks into the tougher polymer substrate layer on which the electrodes sit. The work overturns a long-held assumption that polymer substrates usually resist cracking.

“The substrate in is a bit like the foundation in your house,” said Nitin Padture, a professor of engineering at Brown and corresponding author of the study published in npj Flexible Electronics. “If it’s cracked, it compromises the mechanical integrity of the entire device. This is the first clear evidence of cracking in a device substrate caused by a brittle film on top of it.”

Couples Are More Likely to Share Psychiatric Disorders, But Why?

For those partnered up in a long-term relationship, studies have shown that different health characteristics can sometimes be shared across the couple – and that extends to psychiatric disorders, according to new research.

Based on an analysis of more than 6 million couples across Taiwan, Denmark, and Sweden, an international team of researchers found that people were significantly more likely to have the same psychiatric conditions as their partners than would be expected by chance.

Those conditions included schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, autism, anxiety, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), substance abuse, and anorexia nervosa.

NASA Announces CHAPEA Crew for Year-Long Mars Mission Simulation

Four research volunteers will soon participate in NASA’s year-long simulation of a Mars mission inside a habitat at the agency’s Johnson Space Center in Houston. This mission will provide NASA with foundational data to inform human exploration of the Moon, Mars, and beyond.

Ross Elder, Ellen Ellis, Matthew Montgomery, and James Spicer enter into the 1,700-square-foot Mars Dune Alpha habitat on Sunday, Oct. 19, to begin their mission. The team will live and work like astronauts for 378 days, concluding their mission on Oct. 31, 2026. Emily Phillips and Laura Marie serve as the mission’s alternate crew members.

Through a series of Earth-based missions called CHAPEA (Crew Health and Performance Exploration Analog), carried out in the 3D-printed habitat, NASA aims to evaluate certain human health and performance factors ahead of future Mars missions. The crew will undergo realistic resource limitations, equipment failures, communication delays, isolation and confinement, and other stressors, along with simulated high-tempo extravehicular activities. These scenarios allow NASA to make informed trades between risks and interventions for long-duration exploration missions.

Fat microscopy to image lipids in cells

Lipid molecules, or fats, are crucial to all forms of life. Cells need lipids to build membranes, separate and organize biochemical reactions, store energy, and transmit information. Every cell can create thousands of different lipids, and when they are out of balance, metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases can arise. It is still not well understood how cells sort different types of lipids between cell organelles to maintain the composition of each membrane. A major reason is that lipids are difficult to study, since microscopy techniques to precisely trace their location inside cells have so far been missing.

The researchers developed a method that enables visualizing lipids in cells using standard fluorescence microscopy. After the first successful proof of concept, the authors brought mass-spectrometry expert on board to study how lipids are transported between cellular organelles.

“We started our project with synthesizing a set of minimally modified lipids that represent the main lipids present in organelle membranes. These modified lipids are essentially the same as their native counterparts, with just a few different atoms that allowed us to track them under the microscope,” explains a PhD student in the group.

The modified lipids mimic natural lipids and are “bifunctional,” which means they can be activated by UV light, causing the lipid to bind or crosslink with nearby proteins. The modified lipids were loaded in the membrane of living cells and, over time, transported into the membranes of organelles. The researchers worked with human cells in cell culture, such as bone or intestinal cells, as they are ideal for imaging.

“After the treatment with UV light, we were able to monitor the lipids with fluorescence microscopy and capture their location over time. This gave us a comprehensive picture of lipid exchange between cell membrane and organelle membranes,” concludes the author.

In order to understand the microscopy data, the team needed a custom image analysis pipeline. “To address our specific needs, I developed an image analysis pipeline with automated image segmentation assisted by artificial intelligence to quantify the lipid flow through the cellular organelle system,” says another author.

By combining the image analysis with mathematical modeling, the research team discovered that between 85% and 95% of the lipid transport between the membranes of cell organelles is organized by carrier proteins that move the lipids, rather than by vesicles. This non-vesicular transport is much more specific with regard to individual lipid species and their sorting to the different organelles in the cell. The researchers also found that the lipid transport by proteins is ten times faster than by vesicles. These results imply that the lipid compositions of organelle membranes are primarily maintained through fast, species-specific, non-vesicular lipid transport.

Continue reading “Fat microscopy to image lipids in cells” | >

Puzzle-solving chemist helps boost synthesis of key bioactive compounds

A new approach to an established reaction boosts the ability to synthesize vinylic ethers—key building blocks for many molecules important to human health. The journal Organic Letters published the breakthrough, made by chemists at Emory University.

“Our method is easy to reproduce and is based on widely available and inexpensive compounds,” says San Pham, an Emory Ph.D. candidate and first author of the paper. “We can apply this method to make multiple natural products, including novel vinylic ethers.”

Her research improves the reliability, yield and generality of what is known as the Chan-Evans-Lam reaction. These enhancements greatly expand the reaction’s potential for the synthesis of complex, biologically active compounds for drug research.

New AI model predicts which genetic mutations truly drive disease

Scientists at Mount Sinai have created an artificial intelligence system that can predict how likely rare genetic mutations are to actually cause disease. By combining machine learning with millions of electronic health records and routine lab tests like cholesterol or kidney function, the system produces “ML penetrance” scores that place genetic risk on a spectrum rather than a simple yes/no. Some variants once thought dangerous showed little real-world impact, while others previously labeled uncertain revealed strong disease links.

AI and lab tests to predict genetic disease risk

When genetic testing reveals a rare DNA mutation, doctors and patients are frequently left in the dark about what it actually means. Now, researchers have developed a powerful new way to determine whether a patient with a mutation is likely to actually develop disease, a concept known in genetics as penetrance.

The team set out to solve this problem using artificial intelligence (AI) and routine lab tests like cholesterol, blood counts, and kidney function. Details of the findings were reported in the journal Science. Their new method combines machine learning with electronic health records to offer a more accurate, data-driven view of genetic risk.

Traditional genetic studies often rely on a simple yes/no diagnosis to classify patients. But many diseases, like high blood pressure, diabetes, or cancer, don’t fit neatly into binary categories. The researchers trained AI models to quantify disease on a spectrum, offering more nuanced insight into how disease risk plays out in real life.

Using more than 1 million electronic health records, the researchers built AI models for 10 common diseases. They then applied these models to people known to have rare genetic variants, generating a score between 0 and 1 that reflects the likelihood of developing the disease.

A higher score, closer to 1, suggests a variant may be more likely to contribute to disease, while a lower score indicates minimal or no risk. The team calculated “ML penetrance” scores for more than 1,600 genetic variants.

Some of the results were surprising, say the investigators. Variants previously labeled as “uncertain” showed clear disease signals, while others thought to cause disease had little effect in real-world data.

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