The work highlights a growing focus on the chemical targeting of surrounding tissues as part of efforts to stop cancerous cells expanding to other organs.
Research highlights growing focus on surrounding tissues to help tackle most malignant forms of the disease.
A team of researchers has developed a “gut-on-chip” (a miniature model of the human intestine on a chip-sized device) capable of reproducing the main features of intestinal inflammation and of predicting the response of melanoma patients to immunotherapy treatment. The results have just been published in Nature Biomedical Engineering.
The interaction between microbiota and immunotherapy has long been known. It is the result of both systemic effects, i.e., the immune response elicited in the entire body by immunotherapy, and local processes, especially in the gut, where most of the bacteria that populate our body live. However, the latter can only be studied in animal models, with all their limitations.
Indeed, there is no clinical reason to subject a patient receiving immunotherapy for melanoma to colonoscopy and colon biopsy. Yet intestinal inflammation is one of the main side effects of this treatment, often forcing the therapy to be discontinued.
In Europe alone, approximately 2 million people live with chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and their incidence has been rising steadily in recent decades. However, a small proportion of the European population carries a genetic variant that provides natural protection against IBD.
A newly published study in the journal eBioMedicine explores how this protective variant can be leveraged to develop modern therapies, demonstrating the potential of evolutionary medicine in addressing chronic diseases of the modern era.
The study, led by the Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB) at Kiel University, brought together researchers from genetics, medicine, and archaeology.
Most neuroscience research carried out up to date has primarily focused on neurons, the most renowned type of cell in the human brain. As a result, the unique functions of other brain cell types are less understood and have often been entirely overlooked.
Researchers at Instituto Cajal (CSIC), the Autonomous University of Madrid and Institute de Salud Carlos III recently carried out a study aimed at better understanding the contributions of astrocytes, a class of star-shaped glial cells found in the brain and spinal cord, to key mental functions. Their findings, published in Nature Neuroscience, unveiled the existence of astrocytic ensembles, specialized astrocyte subsets that appear to be active during reward-driven behaviors.
“It is known that astrocytes are a heterogeneous cell type in their molecular and gene expression signatures, morphology and origin,” Marta Navarrete, senior author of the paper, told Medical Xpress.
Quantum sensors can be significantly more precise than conventional sensors and are used for Earth observation, navigation, material testing, and chemical or biomedical analysis, for example. TU Darmstadt researchers have now developed and tested a technique that makes quantum sensors even more precise.
What is behind this technology? Quantum sensors, based on the wave nature of atoms, use quantum interference to measure accelerations and rotations with extremely high precision. This technology requires optimized beam splitters and mirrors for atoms. However, atoms that are reflected in unintentional ways can significantly impair such measurements.
The scientists therefore use specially designed light pulses as velocity-selective atom mirrors, which reflect the desired atoms and allow parasitic atoms to pass through. This approach reduces the noise in the signal, making the measurements much more precise. The research is published in the journal Physical Review Research.
Researchers are breaking new ground with halide perovskites, promising a revolution in energy-efficient technologies.
By exploring these materials at the nanoscale.
The term “nanoscale” refers to dimensions that are measured in nanometers (nm), with one nanometer equaling one-billionth of a meter. This scale encompasses sizes from approximately 1 to 100 nanometers, where unique physical, chemical, and biological properties emerge that are not present in bulk materials. At the nanoscale, materials exhibit phenomena such as quantum effects and increased surface area to volume ratios, which can significantly alter their optical, electrical, and magnetic behaviors. These characteristics make nanoscale materials highly valuable for a wide range of applications, including electronics, medicine, and materials science.
Researchers at Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU) have developed a blood test called PAC-MANN, to detect pancreatic cancer. The study is significant since this type of cancer is one of the deadliest and was responsible for more than 50,000 deaths last year.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing industries globally, and medical education is no exception. For a nation like India, where the healthcare system faces immense pressure, AI integration in medical learning is more than a convenience, it’s a necessity. AI-powered tools offer medical students transformative benefits: personalized learning pathways that adapt to individual knowledge gaps, advanced clinical simulation platforms for risk-free practice, intelligent tutoring systems that provide immediate feedback, and sophisticated diagnostic training algorithms that enhance clinical reasoning skills. From offering personalized guidance to transforming clinical training, chatbots and digital assistants are redefining how future healthcare professionals prepare for their complex and demanding roles, enabling more efficient, interactive, and comprehensive medical education.
Personalized learning One of AI’s greatest contributions to medical education is its ability to create and extend personalized learning experiences. Conventional methods, on the other hand, often utilize a one-size-fits-all approach, leaving students to fend for themselves when they struggle. AI has the power to change this by analyzing a student’s performance and crafting study plans tailored to their strengths and weaknesses. This means students can focus on areas where they need the most help, saving time and effort.
The process of separating useful molecules from mixtures of other substances accounts for 15% of the nation’s energy, emits 100 million tons of carbon dioxide and costs $4 billion annually.
Commercial manufacturers produce columns of porous materials to separate potential new drugs developed by the pharmaceutical industry, for example, and also for energy and chemical production, environmental science and making foods and beverages.
But in a new study, researchers at Case Western Reserve University have found these manufactured separation materials don’t function as intended because the pores are so packed with polymer they become blocked. That means the separations are inefficient and unnecessarily expensive.
