Ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules may be best known for their job ferrying the genetic information encoded in DNA to a cell’s protein factories, but these molecules aren’t just a middleman for protein production. In fact, some RNA molecules don’t code for proteins at all and serve various other important functions in cells, such as regulating gene expression and catalyzing chemical reactions. However, the functions of many non-coding RNAs remain mysterious.
The researchers have developed a blood test capable of detecting cancers, the ways cancer resists treatments and tissue injury caused by non-cancerous conditions.
The new test analyzes RNA molecules in the bloodstream. This type of RNA is called cell-free RNA because the tiny molecules no longer inhabit a cell. There are always fragments of both DNA and RNA floating in blood — byproducts of natural cell death from all types of tissues and organs throughout the body, including cancerous tumors.
The researchers spent more than six years developing novel methods to target messenger RNA in blood and then used it to identify the presence of cancers at different stages, to track resistance to cancer treatment, and to monitor severity of injury to healthy tissue.
While cannabis is known to have immunomodulatory properties, the clinical consequences of its use on outcomes in COVID-19 have not been extensively evaluated. We aimed to assess whether cannabis users hospitalized for COVID-19 had improved outcomes compared to non-users.
We conducted a retrospective analysis of 1831 patients admitted to two medical centers in Southern California with a diagnosis of COVID-19. We evaluated outcomes including NIH COVID-19 Severity Score, need for supplemental oxygen, ICU (intensive care unit) admission, mechanical ventilation, length of hospitalization, and in-hospital death for cannabis users and non-users. Cannabis use was reported in the patient’s social history. Propensity matching was used to account for differences in age, body-mass index, sex, race, tobacco smoking history, and comorbidities known to be risk factors for COVID-19 mortality between cannabis users and non-users.
Of 1831 patients admitted with COVID-19, 69 patients reported active cannabis use (4% of the cohort). Active users were younger (44 years vs. 62 years, p < 0.001), less often diabetic (23.2% vs 37.2%, p < 0.021), and more frequently active tobacco smokers (20.3% vs. 4.1%, p < 0.001) compared to non-users. Notably, active users had lower levels of inflammatory markers upon admission than non-users—CRP (C-reactive protein) (3.7 mg/L vs 7.6 mg/L, p < 0.001), ferritin (282 μg/L vs 622 μg/L, p < 0.001), D-dimer (468 ng/mL vs 1,140 ng/mL, p = 0.017), and procalcitonin (0.10 ng/mL vs 0.15 ng/mL, p = 0.001). Based on univariate analysis, cannabis users had significantly better outcomes compared to non-users as reflected in lower NIH scores (5.1 vs 6.0, p < 0.001), shorter hospitalization (4 days vs 6 days, p < 0.001), lower ICU admission rates (12% vs 31%, p < 0.001), and less need for mechanical ventilation (6% vs 17%, p = 0.027).
Scientists from Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M) and Harvard University have experimentally demonstrated that it is possible to reprogram the mechanical and structural behavior of innovative artificial materials with magnetic properties, known as metamaterials, without the need to modify their composition. This technology opens the door to innovations in fields such as biomedicine and soft robotics, among others.
The study, recently published in the journal Advanced Materials, details how to reprogram these mechanical metamaterials by using flexible magnets distributed throughout their structure.
What is innovative about our proposal is the incorporation of small flexible magnets integrated into a rotating rhomboid matrix that allows the stiffness and energy absorption capacity of the structure to be modified by simply changing the distribution of these magnets or applying an external magnetic field. This confers unique properties that are not present in conventional materials or in nature.
Revolutionary AI-driven 3D heart scans cut the need for invasive tests and have already saved millions of pounds, according to new analysis. Now rolled out across 56 NHS hospitals in England, the clever tech enables doctors to diagnose and treat patients with suspected heart disease much faster by turning a CT scan of their heart […]
This AI superintelligence can help replace the need for tons of research hurdles such as time constraints finding items of knowledge to make what would take weeks or years into seconds of time.
Science is bottlenecked by data. The 38 million papers on PubMed, 500,000+ clinical trials, and thousands of specialized tools have created an information bottleneck that even the most brilliant scientists can’t navigate. At FutureHouse, our mission is to solve this problem by building an AI Scientist. Today, we are taking a significant step forward by releasing the first publicly available superintelligent scientific agents accessible to researchers everywhere, with benchmarked superhuman literature search & synthesis capabilities.
Crow is a general-purpose agent that can search the literature and provide concise, scholarly answers to questions, and is perfect for use via API.
Falcon is specialized for deep literature reviews. It can search and synthesize more scientific literature than any other agent we are aware of, and also has access to several specialized scientific databases, like OpenTargets.
University of North Carolina-led researchers have used brain connectivity charts built from functional MRI data as a tool for tracking early childhood brain development.
Charts mapped the maturation of brain networks from birth to age six and identified key transitions in how regions of the brain interact. Deviations from these developmental patterns were significantly associated with differences in early cognitive ability, involving primary, default, control, and attention networks.
Early childhood marks a critical period in brain growth, during which neural networks undergo rapid, variable changes that shape cognitive development. While physical growth charts are well-established tools for monitoring parameters such as height and weight, comparable standards for assessing the development of brain function, with timing that differs across children, remain elusive.
Due to the prevalence of chronic pain worldwide, there is an urgent need to improve pain management strategies. While opioid drugs have long been used to treat chronic pain, their use is severely limited by adverse effects and abuse liability. Neurostimulation techniques have emerged as a promising option for chronic pain that is refractory to other treatments. While different neurostimulation strategies have been applied to many neural structures implicated in pain processing, there is variability in efficacy between patients, underscoring the need to optimize neurostimulation techniques for use in pain management. This optimization requires a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying neurostimulation-induced pain relief. Here, we discuss the most commonly used neurostimulation techniques for treating chronic pain. We present evidence that neurostimulation-induced analgesia is in part driven by the release of endogenous opioids and that this endogenous opioid release is a common endpoint between different methods of neurostimulation. Finally, we introduce technological and clinical innovations that are being explored to optimize neurostimulation techniques for the treatment of pain, including multidisciplinary efforts between neuroscience research and clinical treatment that may refine the efficacy of neurostimulation based on its underlying mechanisms.
Over 20% of people worldwide suffer from chronic pain disorders (Goldberg and McGee, 2011). In response to an unmet need for effective pain management, opioid drugs have been widely adopted. Opioid drugs harness the body’s endogenous opioid receptors, which are dispersed throughout the central and peripheral nervous system to modulate pain perception. While prescription opioids often provide effective pain relief, they have undesirable and potentially dangerous side effects including abuse liability and respiratory depression. Their contribution to the ongoing opioid epidemic and the enormous negative impact of chronic pain underscore the need for safe and effective pain therapies (Manchikanti et al., 2012). Neurostimulation therapies are potential alternatives for managing medically refractory pain. However, these therapies are hampered by inconsistent pain relief across patients and diminishing analgesic effects over time (Kumar K. et al., 1998).