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Category: biotech/medical – Page 2

Biochemistry: Glucose Metabolism Overview Part II

GLUCOSE OXIDATION EQUATION Glucose + 6 O2 — 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (ATP + heat) • Most energy is generated in mitochondrial matrixCommon Abbreviations: • ATP: adenosine triphosphate • NADH: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide • FADH2: flavin adenine dinucleotide • CoA: Coenzyme AKEY PROCESSES IN GLUCOSE OXIDATION • Glycolysis • Pyruvate decarboxylation • Citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs’ cycle and the tri-carboxylic acid (TCA) cycle) • Oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain & chemiosmosis)CITRIC ACID CYCLE • 1 glucose molecule requires 2 citric acid cycle turns • Input for each turn: 1 Acetyl CoA • Output for each turn: 3 NADH + 2 CO2 + 1 ATP + 1 FADH2 • NADH & FADH2: electron transfer molecules for oxidative phosphorylation • Occurs in mitochondrial matrixSubstrate level phosphorylation • ATP generated from substrates in glycolysis and citric acid cycle • NOT from.

Effectiveness of Infliximab for Refractory Nonischemic Cerebral Enhancing Foreign-Body Granulomatous Lesions After Endovascular Therapy

Sewage sludge isn’t just waste, it can be a hotspot for antimicrobial resistance.

This study on @FEMSmicrobes uncovers multidrug-resistant bacteria, high AMR-gene abundance, and metal-tolerant strains in STP sludge, highlighting why environmental screening is crucial for AMR control.

STP sludge study reveals diverse drug-resistant bacteria harboring ARGs, stressing screening to curb AMR and environmental risks.

Cancer: Proto-oncogenes, Oncogenes and Anti-oncogenes

Emerging trends in the disassembly of stress granules and P-bodies.

Stress granules (SGs) and P-bodies (PBs) are dynamic RNA-protein condensates regulating mRNA fate. While assembly mechanisms are well studied, emerging insights into their dissolution are now coming to light. Here, Garg et al. highlight the current understanding of disassembly mechanisms and their implications in neurodegeneration and cancer.

Nasal nanomedicine delivers immune-boosting therapy to fight brain tumors

Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, along with collaborators at Northwestern University, have developed a noninvasive approach to treat one of the most aggressive and deadly brain cancers. Their technology uses precisely engineered structures assembled from nano-size materials to deliver potent tumor-fighting medicine to the brain through nasal drops. The novel delivery method is less invasive than similar treatments in development and was shown in mice to effectively treat glioblastoma by boosting the brain’s immune response.

Type 1 Diabetes Cured in Mice Given Experimental Hybrid Treatment

A specially devised hybrid treatment has shown tremendous potential for treating type 1 diabetes in mice, scoring full marks at preventing the condition in prediabetic animals and at reversing the condition in animals with fully developed diabetes.

What makes the new approach stand out is that it successfully combines immune system cells from both the patient mouse and a donor mouse, encouraging them to live in harmony without a need for immunosuppressive drugs for at least four months.

The researchers behind the work, led by a team from the Stanford School of Medicine, are hopeful the same approach could be successful in humans too. The treatment might also have potential for other procedures where transplants are required.

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