Terraforming Mars has three major parts
1. Raising the temperature 2. Building the atmosphere 3. Building up a magnetosphere or creating some form of solar and cosmic radiation protection.
There is a new study which indicates that domed cities and colonies of various sizes could have the right temperature for liquid water with a 2–3 centimeter dome of silica aerogel without additional heating. They would heat up under the dome by 50 degrees kelvin without any heaters. Just the greenhouse effect would heat the area under the dome.
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